{"id":3164,"date":"2026-06-17T16:03:32","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T16:03:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/?p=3138"},"modified":"2026-06-17T18:58:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T18:58:55","slug":"ag-togail-aontacht-shibhialta-i-gconradh-dearthaireachta-creidimh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/ga\/2026\/06\/ag-togail-aontacht-shibhialta-i-gconradh-dearthaireachta-creidimh\/","title":{"rendered":"Ag T\u00f3g\u00e1il Aontacht Shibhialta I gConradh Dearth\u00e1ireachta Creidimh"},"content":{"rendered":"        \n        <div class=\"embedpress-gutenberg-wrapper source-provider-Youtube aligncenter ep-clear   ep-content-protection-disabled inline\" id=\"4cf02895-3aed-4c72-b574-0916bd615af3\" data-embed-type=\"Youtube \">\n            <div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper \">\n                <div id=\"ep-gutenberg-content-35e8d39154dc243c86bb563349a37ae3\" class=\"ep-gutenberg-content\">\n                    <div >\n                        <div class=\"ep-embed-content-wraper preset-default insta-grid ep-google-photos-carousel\"\n                            style=\"max-width:600px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto\"                            data-playerid=35e8d39154dc243c86bb563349a37ae3                            data-options=\"{&quot;rewind&quot;:false,&quot;restart&quot;:true,&quot;pip&quot;:true,&quot;poster_thumbnail&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;player_color&quot;:&quot;#5b4e96&quot;,&quot;player_preset&quot;:&quot;preset-default&quot;,&quot;fast_forward&quot;:false,&quot;player_tooltip&quot;:false,&quot;hide_controls&quot;:false,&quot;download&quot;:false,&quot;auto_resume&quot;:false,&quot;auto_resume_threshold&quot;:30,&quot;timed_cta&quot;:[],&quot;chapters&quot;:false,&quot;email_capture&quot;:false,&quot;action_lock&quot;:false,&quot;adaptive_streaming&quot;:false,&quot;heatmap&quot;:false,&quot;lms_tracking&quot;:false,&quot;privacy_mode&quot;:false,&quot;privacy_message&quot;:&quot;Click to load. By playing, you accept third-party cookies.&quot;,&quot;end_screen&quot;:{&quot;mode&quot;:&quot;message&quot;,&quot;message&quot;:&quot;Thanks for watching!&quot;,&quot;button_text&quot;:&quot;Learn more&quot;,&quot;button_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;redirect_url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;countdown&quot;:5,&quot;show_replay&quot;:true},&quot;fullscreen&quot;:true,&quot;mute&quot;:true}\"                                                        >\n\n                            <div class=\"ose-youtube ose-uid-a285d70bfe8d1ce823c7d320ab96e3ed ose-embedpress-responsive\" style=\"width:600px; height:340px; max-height:340px; max-width:100%; display:inline-block;\" data-embed-type=\"Youtube\"><iframe title=\"Rha2ZT7ViBo\" allowfullscreen width=\"600\" height=\"340\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/rha2ZT7ViBo?feature=oembed&color=red&rel=0&controls=2&start=true&end=true&fs=1&iv_load_policy=1&mute=1&playsinline=1&autoplay=0&modestbranding=0&cc_load_policy=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; encrypted-media;accelerometer;autoplay;clipboard-write;gyroscope;picture-in-picture clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" referrerpolicy =origin loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Ag T\u00f3g\u00e1il Aontacht Shibhialta I gConradh Dearth\u00e1ireachta Creidimh\"><\/iframe><\/div>                        <\/div>\n\n                                            <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    \n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:00:00] F\u00e1ilte go Civics in the Academy. T\u00e1 s\u00e9 seo urraithe ag an gConradh don Chivic in the Academy. Is \u00e9 Josiah Ober m\u00e9. T\u00e1 m\u00e9 ar choiste feidhmi\u00fach\u00e1in na Conradh, agus i mo ch\u00faram saor, m\u00fainim ag Ollscoil Stanford. Thosaigh an Conradh n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 bliain \u00f3 shin mar phobal cleachtais do dhaoine at\u00e1 ag obair i gc\u00f3ras oideachais sibhialta i gcol\u00e1ist\u00ed agus ollscoileanna. Mar sin t\u00e1 comhoiri\u00fanacht len\u00e1r gConradh oscailte. Mura bhfuil t\u00fa f\u00f3s ina bhall, spreagaimid t\u00fa chun p\u00e1irt a ghlacadh linn. T\u00e1 an nasc iarratais sa chat. T\u00e1 s\u00e9 mar aidhm ag an tsraith seo pl\u00e9adh a dh\u00e9anamh, t\u00e1 s\u00e9 mar aidhm ag an tsraith webinar seo pl\u00e9adh a dh\u00e9anamh ar chleachtas agus pedagoige na sibhialta\u00edochta san oideachas ardscoile. Is \u00e9 \u00e1r n-\u00fas\u00e1id a choth\u00fa comhr\u00e1, roinnt cleachtais is fearr, agus cur le framworkanna ilchult\u00fartha sa r\u00e9imse ag athr\u00fa go tapa de sibhialta\u00edocht san oideachas ardscoile. [00:01:04] Tairg\u00edonn an Conradh freisin deontais s\u00edl do bhaill chun cruinnithe a re\u00e1cht\u00e1il ar \u00e1bhair th\u00e1bhachtacha do shibhialta\u00edocht, iarchur acmhainn\u00ed teagaisc, agus taca\u00edonn s\u00e9 le comhr\u00e1 tr\u00ed thaifead a eisi\u00faint do thaighde agus tuairim\u00ed na mbail. Mar sin m\u00e1s mian leat nithe a chur faoi bhr\u00e1id \u00e1r leathanach gr\u00e9as\u00e1in n\u00f3 m\u00e1s iad ceisteanna eile at\u00e1 agat faoi bheith i do ghr\u00fapa san ACA, seolige post chugainn ag hoover-aca ag stanford.edu. Cuirfimid sin suas sa chat freisin. Sula dtosa\u00edmid, lig dom athfh\u00f3cas \u00e1r n-\u00fadar\u00e1s go n-\u00edocfaidh t\u00fa isteach sa Conradh. Is comhoibri\u00fa \u00e9 \u00e1r gConradh. T\u00e1 go leor le haghaidh a bheith cuibhrinn ar eolas, scileanna, comhoibri\u00fanachta\u00ed, agus taith\u00ed at\u00e1 riachtanach le haghaidh saorsh\u00edoch\u00e1in sa 21\u00fa aois. T\u00e1 eola\u00edocht na hOideachais ardscoile de r\u00e9ir \u00e9ags\u00falachta\u00ed. Agus mar oideachas\u00f3ir\u00ed sibhialta, caithfimid \u00fas\u00e1id a bhaint as sin go hioml\u00e1n. Beidh \u00e1r gConradh de luach is m\u00f3 nuair a roinnimid smaointe agus acmhainn\u00ed \u00f3 na heagra\u00edochta\u00ed ar fud \u00e1r n-eola\u00edochta, [00:02:08] poibl\u00ed agus pr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach, st\u00e1t dearg agus gorm, m\u00f3r agus beag, le foins\u00ed maithe agus drochfoins\u00ed. Mar sin, le do thoil, b\u00ed linn. Agus mura bhfuil t\u00fa f\u00f3s ina bhall, b\u00ed mar cheann. Cuir in i\u00fal d\u00fainn conas is f\u00e9idir linn cabhr\u00fa leat. Ar\u00eds eile, t\u00e1 na su\u00edomhanna gn\u00edomhacha sa chat. Agus ar deireadh, b\u00ed linn ar an gc\u00e9ad eagr\u00e1n eile i m\u016bsu sraith webinar, a gheobhaidh a chur in i\u00fal ar leathanach na webinar ar sh\u00edceola\u00edocht stairi\u00fail agus ar shibhialta\u00edocht dhaonlathach. Mar sin t\u00e1 \u00e9ags\u00falacht reiligi\u00fanach mar ghn\u00e9 shainmh\u00edn\u00edtear de dh\u00e9mocr\u00f3ireacht na hAmerice comhoiri\u00fanach. Agus \u00e1fach, cuireann s\u00e9 ceisteanna faoin d\u00f3igh a gcuireann gn\u00edomha\u00edocht sibhialta ar bh\u00f3thar os cionn an tsaoil phoibl\u00ed. Mar sin, conas is f\u00e9idir le hinstiti\u00faid\u00ed oideachais ardscoile students a chur ar f\u00e1il chun freastal ar ddifr\u00edocht reiligi\u00fanach agus an comhoiri\u00fanacht dhaonlathach coime\u00e1d? Mar sin is \u00e9 an cheist a scr\u00fada\u00edmid i gn\u00e1thn\u00f3s\u00e1r. Agus t\u00e1 \u00e1dh orainn go bhfuil tri\u00far p\u00e2nealaigh iontach againn. Duine amh\u00e1in acu, acad\u00f3ir, m\u00fainteoir, agus intleacht\u00f3ir poibl\u00ed. [00:03:13] T\u00e1 an tUasal Robert George mar Ollamh McCormick de Dhl\u00ed agus Ollamh Polait\u00edochta ag Ollscoil Princeton agus Sti\u00farth\u00f3ir an Chl\u00e1ir James Madison ag Princeton. Is \u00e9 a leabhar is d\u00e9ana\u00ed, i measc go leor, a thugtar Truth Matters, Dial\u00f3g ar Dh\u00edri\u00fa Toradh i R\u00e9 na R\u00f3-mharga\u00edochta, a scr\u00edobh Cornel West. Ar an gc\u00e9ad dul s\u00edos, t\u00e1 an Dr. Ibu Patel mar bhunaitheoir agus uachtar\u00e1n ar Interfaith America, eagra\u00edocht shocha\u00ed sibhialta a bhfuil s\u00e9 mar aidhm aici le haghaidh t\u00edr a ghabhann le cumhacht ilchult\u00fartha. Is agall\u00f3ir poibl\u00ed gn\u00edomhach \u00e9 agus \u00fadar, is d\u00e9ana\u00ed, de We Need to Build, Noteanna Feidhme sa Dhomhan Ilchair. (..) T\u00e1 an Friar Francisco Nahoy mar chaplain de Chol\u00e1iste Thomas Aquinas, at\u00e1 le hoili\u00faint i gConair agus Massachusetts. [00:04:15] Is \u00e9 an t-\u00fadar a bhaineann le h-\u00e1bhair, i measc \u00e1bhar eile, reiteas sa Renaissance Iod\u00e1lach, staid\u00e9ar c\u00e1sach, staid\u00e9ar teagaisc ar Ibn Khaldun do bhaili\u00fach\u00e1n aist\u00ed ar theagasc na Renaissance dhomhanda trasna teorainneacha, agus alt ar ch\u00f3is cosmoil\u00edochta ar Rapa Nui. T\u00e1 s\u00fail agam go labhr\u00f3idh s\u00e9 linn beag\u00e1n faoi sin, agus alt eile gaolmhar, athch\u00f3iri\u00fa Rapa Nui, agus ag \u00e9ileamh ar shaoirse d\u00fachasach. Mar sin, t\u00e1im chun iga \u00e1 thoghairm gach laoch againn chun c\u00fapla n\u00f3im\u00e9ad a roinnt lena sochtheachta\u00ed ar \u00e1r n-\u00e1bhar, conas is f\u00e9idir linn dul i ngleic le conas an t-aonra\u00edocht shibhialta a choth\u00fa i ndemocr\u00f3ireacht ilchult\u00fartha, laige a choth\u00fa a bhfuil creideamh reiligi\u00fanach l\u00e1rnach do go leor saor\u00e1nach, agus go bhfuil s\u00e9 de ch\u00faram orthu r\u00f3-mhargadh na heaglais agus na st\u00e1it a scaradh mar an t\u00e1bhachtach. Mar sin, Robbie George, c\u00e9n f\u00e1th nach dtosa\u00edonn t\u00fa? (.)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert George: [00:05:19] Ba mhaith liom a dh\u00e9anamh, a Josh, agus lig dom tos\u00fa tr\u00ed bhu\u00edochas a ghabh\u00e1il leat as an deiseanna a bheith p\u00e1irteach le mo chomhphain\u00e9alaithe cl\u00f3irithe anseo, agus mo bhu\u00edochas a ghabh\u00e1il leat as do cheannaireacht iontach sa ghluaiseacht oideachas sibhialta. Is am an-su\u00edomh\u00fail \u00e9 seo d\u00fainn, do dhaoine a chreideann i t\u00e1bhacht oideachas sibhialta, agus t\u00e1 do cheannaireacht agus ceannaireacht Stanford ag d\u00e9anamh tionchar ollmh\u00f3r dearfach. T\u00e1 s\u00e9 chomh hiontach freisin a bheith le mo chara sean, Ibu, agus le mo chara nua, Friar Francisco. (.) T\u00e1im den tuairim go bhfuil an bealach chun pl\u00e9 le na fadhbanna a thagann suas at\u00e1 ag baint le creideamh i socha\u00ed ilchreidmheach, ilchreidmheach, n\u00e1 mar a bh\u00edonn imr\u00e9itigh. Ba ch\u00f3ir do dhaoine \u00f3 chreidimh \u00e9ags\u00fala pl\u00e9 a dh\u00e9anamh lena ch\u00e9ile i spiorad cuardach f\u00edrinne, le desire foghlaim \u00f3na ch\u00e9ile. N\u00edl m\u00e9 sa scoil a deir go bhfuil an bealach chun pl\u00e9 le na fadhbanna a thagann \u00f3 chreidimh i daonlatha ilchreidmheach n\u00e1 le creideamh a phr\u00edobh\u00e1id\u00ed, \u00e1r gcreideamh a choinne\u00e1il d\u00fainn f\u00e9in, \u00e9 a choinne\u00e1il sa bhaile n\u00f3 ar an t\u00e1bla ag am b\u00e9il n\u00f3 ar \u00e1r gcolainne ag am leaba n\u00f3 sa s\u00e9ip\u00e9al n\u00f3 sa teampall n\u00f3 sa mosque n\u00f3 sa sinag\u00f3g. [00:06:36] S\u00edlim go bhfuil traidisi\u00fan an-\u00edogair ann a gcuireann cosaint ar an tuairim sin, ach t\u00e1im ar an taobh eile. S\u00edlim go bhfaigheann an traidisi\u00fan sin \u00e9, faigheann s\u00e9 \u00e9 m\u00edcheart. Creidim i ngn\u00edomh. Agus is cuid de mo ch\u00e9ile do mo chreideamh go deimhin toradh mo thaith\u00ed f\u00e9in. Rugadh m\u00e9 do mo mh\u00e1thair Caitlicigh agus do mo athair Oirthearach. Chuaigh m\u00e9 go col\u00e1iste \u00e1it ar raibh an on\u00f3ir mh\u00f3r agam Buddhist a staid\u00e9ar le m\u00e1istir Theravada m\u00f3r le r\u00e1, Jaokun Rajabharamuni. Ph\u00f3s m\u00e9 mo ghr\u00e1 col\u00e1iste, bean Gi\u00fadaigh. D'fh\u00e1s muid leana\u00ed Gi\u00fadaigh Caitliceacha. Agus ansin, go luath i mo shl\u00ed oideachais, thosaigh m\u00e9 ag pl\u00e9 go d\u00e1ir\u00edre le Protast\u00fanaigh evang\u00e9lacha agus ag foghlaim faoi dhaoine \u00f3 sinsear an traidisi\u00fain sin. D\u2019oibrigh m\u00e9 ar roinnt coimisi\u00fan, Coimisi\u00fan na St\u00e1t Aontaithe ar Chearta Sibhialta, Comhairle an Uachtar\u00e1in ar Bheathaisn\u00e9is. Agus is \u00e9 an rud is t\u00e1bhachta\u00ed do na cr\u00edocheanna seo mar chathaoirleach ar Choimisi\u00fan na St\u00e1t Aontaithe ar Shaor\u00e1il Creidimh Idirn\u00e1isi\u00fanta. [00:07:37] Agus thug na taith\u00ed sin isteach m\u00e9 i dteagmh\u00e1il le daoine a th\u00e1inig i dtreo na bhfadhbanna \u00f3 pheirspict\u00edocht a creidimh \u00e9ags\u00fala. Fuair m\u00e9 f\u00e9in ag obair le Moslamaigh, le Baha'\u00ed, le Yazidis, le Hindus, le Buddhists \u00f3 thraidisi\u00fain eile seachas an traidisi\u00fan Theravada a staid\u00e9ar m\u00e9 agus ar aghaidh. Agus an m\u00e9id a fhoghlaim m\u00e9, a Josh, n\u00e1 nach bhfuil na traidisi\u00fain mh\u00f3ra seo faoi chreideamh amh\u00e1in. Is traidisi\u00fain eagna iad, dar liom. T\u00e1 siad thart le fada. Bh\u00ed go leor deiseanna ag an bhf\u00edor-inteligennt daoine laistigh d\u00edobh a bheith ag smaoineamh ar agus a phl\u00e9 le na fadhbanna a bhaineann le coinn\u00edoll an duine. Agus t\u00e1 tuiscint\u00ed forbartha acu. Agus is f\u00e9idir le gach duine againn foghlaim \u00f3n eagna, \u00f3n tuiscint at\u00e1 ag daoine a thagann \u00f3 thraidisi\u00fain at\u00e1 an-ch\u00e9asta \u00f3 \u00e1r gcuid f\u00e9in. Mar sin, ba mhaith liom, a Josh, go mbeadh s\u00e9 sin mar an norm in \u00e1r St\u00e1it Aontaithe ilchreidimh, \u00e1it a bhfuilimid ag c\u00f3ime\u00e1il le ch\u00e9ile n\u00ed amh\u00e1in le meas. [00:08:46] T\u00e1 s\u00e9 t\u00e1bhachtach. T\u00e1 s\u00e9 t\u00e1bhachtach. Agus d\u00e1 mbeadh s\u00e9 sin mar an rud is fearr a d'fh\u00e9adfaimis a dh\u00e9anamh, d\u00e1la sin, ghlacfainn leis. Ach cuirimid c\u00f3ime\u00e1il le ch\u00e9ile n\u00ed amh\u00e1in le meas, ach mar dhaoine comhoibrithe \u00f3nar f\u00e9idir linn foghlaim. Ag foghlaim \u00f3na traidisi\u00fain, machnamh ar n\u00e1d\u00far an duine, an maith duitse, on\u00f3ir an duine, agus dearcadh an duine ar an gc\u00e9anna. (.)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:09:07] Aoibhinn. Go raibh maith agat. Ivo, do ch\u00e9ad smaointe.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ibu Patel: [00:09:12] Dia, a dhaoine uilig. Is mise Ivo Patel. Is mise bunaitheoir agus uachtar\u00e1n eagra\u00edochta darbh ainm Interfaith America. D\u2019oibreoimid ar na c\u00e9adta campas col\u00e1iste ar chomhoibri\u00fa idir creideamh tr\u00ed thraidisi\u00fan m\u00f3r Mheirice\u00e1 maidir le ilchreidimh. Agus ba mhaith liom t\u00fas a chur le sc\u00e9al. Mar sin, b\u00edm ag seirbh\u00eds mar chomhairleoir n\u00f3 mar chomhairleoir do uachtar\u00e1in col\u00e1iste ar conas ilchine\u00e1lacht reiligi\u00fanach agus comhoibri\u00fa idir reiligi\u00fan a chomhth\u00e1th\u00fa ina n-ullmh\u00f3id ilchine\u00e1lachta. Mar sin, c\u00fapla bliana \u00f3 shin, bh\u00ed m\u00e9 i gcol\u00e1iste poibl\u00ed sa st\u00e1t reiligi\u00fanach is m\u00f3 at\u00e1 sa chonradh. Agus t\u00e1im ag freastal ar ghr\u00fapa an-ch\u00faramach daoine. T\u00e1im ag bualadh le foireann comhairleoireachta. Agus cuirim an cheist a chuirim ag t\u00fas na gconversta\u00edocht seo go l\u00e9ir. Deirim, abair dom c\u00fapla bealach a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn conas a thugann reiligi\u00fan tiocfaidh ar an bhf\u00f3d go dearfach ina gcuid oibre. Ar\u00eds, seo \u00e9 foireann na comhairleoireachta sa st\u00e1t reiligi\u00fanach is m\u00f3 at\u00e1 sa chonradh. N\u00ed \u00fas\u00e1idim ainmneacha, ach n\u00ed bheidh s\u00e9 ag cur isteach ort go m\u00f3r a thuiscint sin. (..) Is \u00e9 an tr\u00ed\u00fa sc\u00e9al a chuala m\u00e9 \u00f3 foireann na comhairleoireachta go l\u00e9ir nach bhfuil \u00e9ifeacht dhearfach ag reiligi\u00fan. T\u00e1 m\u00e9 gn\u00e1th i leith seo. [00:10:13] Mar sin, glacaim \u00e9 go c\u00faramach. T\u00e1 m\u00e9 thart ar chlic cl\u00e9 dionta\u00ed. Agus na ruda\u00ed nach dtaitn\u00edonn le daoine eile, clic cl\u00e9 dionta\u00ed, n\u00ed maith liom ag reiligi\u00fan, t\u00e1 m\u00e9 go m\u00f3r i gcomhoiri\u00fanacht. Mar sin, nodaim mo chluasa agus deirim, tuigim cad a bhfuil t\u00fa ag r\u00e1. Ach t\u00e1 m\u00e9 ag iarraidh ort, conas a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn reiligi\u00fan go dearfach? Agus t\u00e1im ag lorg ruda\u00ed soil\u00e9ire. T\u00e1 mac l\u00e9inn 19 bliana d\u2019aois at\u00e1 faoi bhr\u00f3n toisc go bhfuil a seanmh\u00e1thair marbh n\u00f3 toisc go raibh F aige ar an gc\u00e9ad t\u00e1st\u00e1il. Agus t\u00e1 siad tar \u00e9is f\u00e1s suas i dteaghlach reiligi\u00fanach agus roinntann siad le comhairleoir go bhfuil a reiligi\u00fan ag cabhr\u00fa leo. (.) Fanann m\u00e9 15 soicind. Ci\u00fanas. (.) Fanann m\u00e9 30 soicind. Ci\u00fanas. (.) Fanann m\u00e9 45 soicind. Ci\u00fanas. Agus t\u00e1im ag ligean d\u00f3 su\u00ed. (.) T\u00e1im ag ligean d\u00f3 su\u00ed. 60 soicind. N\u00ed raibh 40 duine ar fhoireann na comhairleoireachta agus an tsl\u00e1inte ag ollscoil phoibl\u00ed m\u00f3r sa st\u00e1t reiligi\u00fanach is m\u00f3 at\u00e1 sa chonradh in ann sc\u00e9al amh\u00e1in a roinnt conas a l\u00e9ir\u00edonn reiligi\u00fan go dearfach ina gcuid oibre. T\u00e1 m\u00e9 ag d\u00e9anamh seo le 25 bliain. [00:11:16] D\u00e9anaim cuairt ar 25 campas col\u00e1iste in aghaidh na bliana. D\u00e9anaim gach rud \u00f3 na ceardlanna a re\u00e1cht\u00e1il le mic l\u00e9inn go dt\u00ed gn\u00edomhachta\u00ed le boird col\u00e1iste agus boird ollscoile. N\u00edl s\u00e9 seo ar an eisceacht. (..) N\u00edl s\u00e9 seo ar an eisceacht. (..) Mar sin, cad a bheadh ar si\u00fal d\u00e1 mbeadh 15 go 20 bliain de dh\u00f3thain oibre ilchine\u00e1lachta i Meirice\u00e1 m\u00fanlaithe ag mic l\u00e9inn a l\u00e9ann an Flushing Remonstrance agus an litir chuig an gcomhcheangal Gi\u00fada\u00edoch i Newport, Rhode Island n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 Foucault agus Marcuse? Cad a bheadh m\u00e1s rud \u00e9 go l\u00e9ann siad Cosmopolitanism Kwame Anthony Appiah's agus na Br\u00e9aga a Cheangla\u00edonn at\u00e1 s\u00e9 ag r\u00e1 ag t\u00fas na leabhar sin go raibh an dimensional is d\u00fashl\u00e1na\u00ed a bhain le caidreamh a tuismitheoir\u00ed, duine dubh, duine b\u00e1n, duine as G\u00e1na, duine as an St\u00e1it Aontaithe, nach raibh n\u00e1isi\u00fanta n\u00e1 r\u00e1s. Bh\u00ed s\u00e9 sin a \u0567\u056b\u0576 Methodist agus an duine eile a bh\u00ed Anglican. Agus bh\u00ed orthu \u00e9 sin a thuiscint. Cad a bheadh ar si\u00fal d\u00e1 mbeadh l\u00e9itheoireacht dhomhain intleacht\u00fail ag an s\u00f3rt oibre a rinneadh ag James Madison agus Thomas Jefferson [00:12:18] i d\u2019fhorbairt na Statute Virginia maidir le Saoradh Reiligi\u00fanach agus conas a gcuirtear a chruth\u00fa ar an gc\u00e9ad iarracht ar reiligi\u00fanach il-dheamocra\u00edocht isteach sa ttructure polait\u00edochta agus sa saol sibhialta den n\u00e1isi\u00fain? Cad a bheadh ar si\u00fal m\u00e1 aithn\u00edmid go bhfuil i dt\u00edortha eile gn\u00e1th go bhfuil roinn d\u00f3ite\u00e1n Moslamach agus roinn d\u00f3ite\u00e1in Chaitliceach ann a fhreagra\u00edonn go l\u00e9ir do dh\u00f3ite\u00e1in ar thaobh Chaitliceach n\u00f3 Moslamach na cathrach de r\u00e9ir mar a tharla\u00edonn? Cad a bheadh ar si\u00fal d\u00e1 gcuirf\u00ed isteach go domhain i Robert Putnam agus go gcuirf\u00ed an ceist, agus c\u00e9ard a tharl\u00f3idh do shaol sibhialta nuair a \u00e9ir\u00edonn le baint le reiligi\u00fan i Meirice\u00e1? (.) Cad a tharl\u00f3idh do sheirbh\u00eds\u00ed cabhrach tubaiste na S\u00ednigh Oirdheisceart? Cad a tharl\u00f3idh do scoileanna Chaitliceacha a thacann ar dhaoine ag freastal ar an s\u00e9ip\u00e9al agus $20 a chur sa chiseal agus \u00e9 ag dul thart? Cad a bheadh ar si\u00fal d\u00e1 mbeadh \u00e1r n\u00e1isi\u00fan mar at\u00e1, seachas an 15 go 20 bliain de dh\u00f3than oibre ilchine\u00e1lachta ag d\u00edri\u00fa ar roinn daoine ina racaithe agus ina anti-racaithe, [00:13:25] a d\u2019fhoilsigh s\u00e9 le comhoibri\u00fa trasna an difrigh, ag aithint go bhfuil aigne na Meirice\u00e1 in ann a bheith ag pl\u00e9 le c\u00fais amh\u00e1in a gconair\u00ed i roinnt ruda\u00ed bun\u00fasacha agus a bheith ag obair le ch\u00e9ile ar ruda\u00ed bun\u00fasacha eile, agus gur \u00e9 an traidisi\u00fan a chuireann an genius sin ar f\u00e1il is \u00e9 a oibr\u00edonn le ilchine\u00e1lacht reiligi\u00fanach. Agus bh\u00edomar ag gradaim daoine \u00f3 \u00e1r n-institi\u00faid\u00ed a chuid\u00edonn le daonlathas ilchreidimh a neart\u00fa agus a thuiscint m\u00e1s f\u00e9idir leat \u00e9 seo a dh\u00e9anamh ar fhorais reiligi\u00fan, is f\u00e9idir leat \u00e9 a dh\u00e9anamh ar id\u00e9il pholaiti\u00fala. (.) Cad a bheadh ar si\u00fal d\u00e1 mbeadh an tsl\u00ed smaointeola\u00edochta seo agus na cleachtais shibhialta seo mar chro\u00edl\u00e1r don fhorbairt gcl\u00e1r smaointeoireachta sibhialta? Agus n\u00edor th\u00e1inig aon duine as gan l\u00e9amh an litir chuig an gcomhcheangal Gi\u00fada\u00edoch i Newport, Rhode Island, n\u00f3 an Flushing Remonstrance, agus ag cur an cheist, conas a oibr\u00edonn s\u00e9 seo inniu?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:14:13] Go raibh maith agat. Friar Francisco, t\u00e1 an halla agat.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Francisco Nahoy: [00:14:17] Go raibh maith agat. T\u00e1 \u00e1thas orm a bheith mar chuid den phain\u00e9al seo agus foghlaim \u00f3 mo chomhphain\u00e9il. N\u00ed d\u00f3igh liom go bhfuair muid bualadh riamh roimhe seo, ach t\u00e1 a fhios agam go raibh Dr. George ag obair go m\u00f3r le mo former \u00f3st\u00e1n, Sheikh Hamza Yusuf, at\u00e1 ina uachtar\u00e1n ar Chol\u00e1iste Zaytuna. Chaith m\u00e9 ocht mbliana go leith ar an bhfeachtas ansin sular th\u00e1inig m\u00e9 anois go Col\u00e1iste Thomas Aquinas. Mar sin, \u00f3 Chol\u00e1iste M\u00f3r na mMoslamach go dt\u00ed Col\u00e1iste M\u00f3r Caitliceach anois. S\u00edlim go dtos\u00f3inn le r\u00e1 go bhfuil mo chuimhne amh\u00e1in ar a dtugtar l\u00e1 engagement leis an bpl\u00far na reiligi\u00fan i Meirice\u00e1 ag c\u00e9imeanna Ch\u00fairt Contae Jackson ag deireadh na 1960id\u00ed, [00:15:18] nuair a th\u00e1inig mo Dhaid i gCn\u00e1mh na St\u00e1t. Cuimhn\u00edm go soil\u00e9ir gurbh \u00e9igean, tar \u00e9is an ch\u00e9im, go l\u00e9ir go raibh muid ag dul ar fad go dt\u00ed an f\u00e9ar os comhair na c\u00fairte, agus th\u00e1inig gach duine a th\u00e1inig i gCn\u00e1mh an l\u00e1 sin le bia, picnic go bun\u00fasach, \u00f3na dt\u00edortha agus traidisi\u00fain faoi seach. Agus ghlac m\u00e9 orm an t-aon duine \u00e9igin acu go l\u00e9ir a cuireadh ar cuairt. (.) An m\u00e9id is mo chusp\u00f3ir, dar nd\u00f3igh, a bh\u00ed go hioml\u00e1n hedonistic. Ach ba \u00e9 an taith\u00ed a bh\u00ed agam mar p\u00e1iste beag n\u00e1 idirghn\u00edomh\u00fa l\u00e1idir le fir agus mn\u00e1, le teaghlaigh, agus d\u00e1 bharr sin leis na dearcadh reiligi\u00fanacha \u00f3 gach cearn den domhan. Agus s\u00edlim go bhfuil s\u00e9 f\u00edor, cuireann s\u00e9 chun sochair do mo thuismitheoir\u00ed nach raibh m\u00e9 ag f\u00e1s suas i dteach Caitliceach, [00:16:27] ach bh\u00ed s\u00e9 f\u00e9in a bh\u00ed ag breathn\u00fa go hiontach sa mh\u00e9id sin. Agus amh\u00e1in a l\u00e9irigh engagement, n\u00f3 amh\u00e1in le daoine, ach le na traidisi\u00fain reiligi\u00fanacha a bhain leis na daoine. N\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed, mar dalta ag Phillips Academy i Andover, Massachusetts, bh\u00ed mo phr\u00edomhoide mar at\u00e1 a raibh Dr. Theodore Sizer, a phlean deireadh, i nd\u00e1ir\u00edre, n\u00ed amh\u00e1in a bhain le co-eduction nuair a chomhlaigh Abbott agus Phillips Academies ansin i Andover, ach freisin cruth\u00fa chaplaincy tr\u00ed ph\u00e1irt nuair a bh\u00ed s\u00e9 ar si\u00fal. Mar sin, bh\u00ed na chaplain\u00ed againn ina rabhu reifreann, tAon mhinistir Methodist, (.) agus friar Augustinian a bh\u00ed ina chaplain Caitliceach. (.) [00:17:30] Mar sin, san atmaisf\u00e9ar sin, s\u00edlim nach exaggeration \u00e9 a r\u00e1 go bhfuil mar thoradh ar an bpl\u00far reiligi\u00fanach i Andover i l\u00e1r na 1970id\u00ed nuair a bh\u00ed m\u00e9 mar dalta ann, rinne m\u00e9 n\u00edos fearr Caitliceach. (..) Agus ba mhaith liom a chur b\u00e9im ar go bhfuil s\u00e9 seo ar cheann de na ruda\u00ed, ar a laghad i mo idirghn\u00edomh\u00fa le daoine le c\u00falra\u00ed reiligi\u00fanacha ar leith, rud a bh\u00edonn siad ag gabh\u00e1il leis i gc\u00e1s pl\u00far Mheirice\u00e1, n\u00ed m\u00f3r d\u00fainn go traidisi\u00fanta p\u00f3sadh le comhoibrithe reiligi\u00fanacha i traidisi\u00fain eile, go dtarla\u00edonn s\u00e9, ar a laghad is f\u00e9idir \u00e9 a bheith chomh maith mar at\u00e1 ag \u00e9ir\u00ed le himeacht ama \u00e1r gcuideachta f\u00e9in. Agus an t-aon rud is f\u00e9idir liom a r\u00e1 n\u00e1 nach raibh s\u00e9 seo mar mo thaith\u00ed go dt\u00ed seo. N\u00edos d\u00e9ana\u00ed, mar a luaigh m\u00e9, chuaigh m\u00e9 chun obair le hinstiti\u00faid Moslamach \u00e1it ar bhain m\u00e9 le feals\u00fanacht agus r\u00edocht ar an taobh amh\u00e1in, [00:18:37] ach go sonrach prionsabail na daonlathachta ar an taobh eile. Agus th\u00e1inig m\u00e9 i gcion ar\u00eds agus ar\u00eds eile ag l\u00e9amh t\u00e9acsanna clasaiceacha. T\u00f3g, mar shampla, de Tocqueville tr\u00ed lense go hioml\u00e1n nua. Is \u00e9 sin le r\u00e1, lense at\u00e1 faoi thiom\u00e1int ag na h\u00e1bhair Moslamach, \u00e1bhair Ioslamacha na curacla ag Col\u00e1iste Zaytuna, at\u00e1 ag iarraidh a mh\u00faineadh in aice le ch\u00e9ile traidisi\u00fain Thiar agus Ioslamacha. (.) Mar sin, bh\u00ed roinnt taith\u00ed ionainneach agam i gc\u00farsa mo shaol, n\u00ed amh\u00e1in de phl\u00far na Meirice\u00e1, ach go sonrach pl\u00far reiligi\u00fanach. Agus ar bheala\u00ed a fuair m\u00e9 nach raibh s\u00e9 ach mo thaith\u00ed mar shaor\u00e1nach na St\u00e1t Aontaithe, ach freisin mar Caitliceach, agus duine at\u00e1 ag dul i dteagmh\u00e1il le h\u00f3rna f\u00e9in agus a chreidi\u00faint i gConradh pl\u00far leaba Mheirice\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:19:37] Go raibh m\u00edle maith agat. (..) Robbie George, pl\u00e9ighim minic an sc\u00e9al faoi conas a thosaigh an Tionscadal Cearta Sibhialta Stanford ar roinnt beala\u00ed i gcomhth\u00e9acs cainte a thug t\u00fa anseo ag Stanford ar shaoirse cainte. Mar sin, ba mhaith liom duit a iarraidh beag\u00e1n faoi do chuid oibre f\u00e9in a phl\u00e9. T\u00e1 a fhios agam go bhfuil t\u00fa tiomanta do shaoirse cainte agus don saoirse acad\u00fail le do shl\u00ed bheatha ar fad. Um, uh, conas a sh\u00f3ighimid faoi shaoirse cainte i gcoinne na gcionta\u00ed at\u00e1 ag roinnt daoine creidimh dh\u00edlis, um, uh, cib\u00e9 an bhfuil siad i gcornanna legala st\u00e1it n\u00f3 ar shl\u00ed eile, um, do chinsireacht \u00e1bhar a fheiceann siad mar a dh\u00e9anann s\u00e9 cinnt\u00ed nach measann siad ach go bun\u00fasach m\u00edcheart n\u00f3, n\u00f3, n\u00f3 fi\u00fa, uh, fi\u00fa peacach. Um, conas a fhreagra\u00edonn t\u00fa don type d\u00fashl\u00e1in sin? Agus, uh, ar\u00eds, ag ionradh go bhfuil, um, an d\u00fashl\u00e1n at\u00e1 t\u00fa ag freagairt d\u00f3 a bheith mac\u00e1nta. [00:20:42] Um, t\u00e1 na daoine seo, t\u00e1 siad go deimhin buartha. Um, uh, conas a labhair t\u00fa leo?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert George: [00:20:49] Creidim go bhfuil aoibhinn imn\u00ed orthu. N\u00ed d\u00f3igh liom gurb \u00e9 sin ach c\u00fais. D\u00e9anaim comhr\u00e1 le go leor daoine, d\u00e9anaim pl\u00e9, uh, le go leor daoine a bhfuil tuairim acu go bhfuil muid, um, tar \u00e9is dul r\u00f3fhada le haghaidh saoirse cainte, n\u00f3 a chreideann go gcuireann m\u00e9 roimhe r\u00f3fhada ar son na saoire cainte. Is minic a ghabhtar le mo theanga, agus n\u00ed le, uh, n\u00ed le seirbh\u00eds, uh, conas a bhaineann s\u00e9 le cainte saoire, uh, mar at\u00e1 a fhios agat. Uh, ach lig dom c\u00fapla smaoineamh a chaitheamh anseo, Josh. Ar dt\u00fas, go h\u00e1irithe m\u00e1 t\u00e1imid ag caint faoi oideachas agus go h\u00e1irithe m\u00e1 t\u00e1imid ag caint faoi chol\u00e1ist\u00ed agus universit\u00e9ithe, creidim go gcaithfimid a bheith soil\u00e9ir faoin\u00e1r misean. Agus is \u00e9 \u00e1r misean n\u00e1 fiosr\u00fa na f\u00edrinne. (..) Sin \u00e9. Is \u00e9ard at\u00e1 ann n\u00e1 laige ar eolas, laige ar na f\u00edrinne, ag dul chun cinn tuisceana, ag doimhneacht tuisceana. Uh, is \u00e9ard at\u00e1 i gceist le coime\u00e1d na f\u00edrinne nuair a chinneadh muid go bhfuil s\u00e9 go d\u00e9anach, um, uh, faighte go bhfuil s\u00e9 go daingean agus an m\u00e9id is f\u00e9idir linn a bhaint amach. Uh, agus ansin an tarchur eolais, an mh\u00e1istir, an misean m\u00faineadh, at\u00e1 r\u00ed-th\u00e1bhachtach domsa mar gheall ar chabhair a thabhairt do na fir agus na mn\u00e1 \u00f3ga a bhaineann le \u00e1r ch\u00faraim\u00ed, \u00e1r gcuid mic l\u00e9inn, [00:21:58] chun iad f\u00e9in a chruth\u00fa chun a bheith caitheamh i gcuimhneach go bhfuil na mionnaigh fi\u00fantach. Mar sin t\u00e1 an misean sin t\u00e1bhachtach m\u00e1s mian linn tuiscint a fh\u00e1il ar r\u00f3l na saoire cainte. An ch\u00e9ad rud eile a theasta\u00edonn uaim a chur in i\u00fal n\u00e1 seo. Um, mar at\u00e1 a fhios agat, Josh, mar gheall ar an gcuideachta at\u00e1 againn, t\u00e1 m\u00e9 tar \u00e9is mo shl\u00ed bheatha a dh\u00e9anamh, uh, gan aon iarracht beag, uh, tr\u00ed bheith cos\u00fail le criticeoir ar an ts\u00f3rt laistigh comhth\u00e9acs liberalach mar at\u00e1 ag daoine mar an John Rawls d\u00e9anach, ach freisin John Stuart Mill. T\u00e1 m\u00e9 tar \u00e9is cuir c\u00fais le Mill\u2019s utilitarianism. T\u00e1 m\u00e9 tar \u00e9is criticeadh ar roinnt gn\u00e9ithe de liberatarianism Mill, a thuilleadh ar a ghinear\u00e1lta liberatarianism. Ach sa dara caibidil den obair mh\u00f3r ar shaoirse de Mill, an t-aistri\u00fach\u00e1n iontach ar shaoirse, \u00e1it a nglacann s\u00e9 leis an gceist a ghlaonn s\u00e9 laige smaointe agus pl\u00e9, a thabharfaimid saoire cainte air. (.) L\u00e9ir\u00edonn s\u00e9 t\u00e1bhacht na saoire cainte mar \u00e1is d\u2019fhoireann de ch\u00e1ch, cib\u00e9 acu at\u00e1imid i dtimpeallachta\u00ed oideachais n\u00f3 nach bhfuil, ba cheart go mbeadh na ruda\u00ed at\u00e1 ag dul mar fhorbairt. [00:23:05] Agus sin \u00e9 an fh\u00edrinne. Agus creidim go bhfuil s\u00e9 a c\u00e9ad faoin gc\u00e9ad ceart faoi sin, go m\u00e1 t\u00e1imid chun a bheith ina n-\u00edospartaigh f\u00edrinne, m\u00e1 t\u00e1imid chun a bheith ag iarraidh f\u00edrinne a bhaint amach, beidh orainn an saoirse a bheith againn chun ceist ar bith a chur, chun ceist ar bith ort\u00f3ideachais, aon dogma, polaiti\u00fail, reiligi\u00fanach, id\u00e9alach, cib\u00e9 \u00e9. Beidh orainn an saoirse a bheith againn chun aibhne, chun fiosr\u00fa, chun d\u00fashl\u00e1n, chun criticeadh, mar seans amh\u00e1in go bhfaighimid na f\u00edrinne n\u00f3 ar a laghad n\u00edos gaire don fh\u00edrinne n\u00f3 a dhoimhni\u00fa tuisceana ar na f\u00edrinne. N\u00ed bhfaighimid ansin go foirfe. Tuigeann muid go l\u00e9ir \u00e9 seo. Cib\u00e9 f\u00edrinne at\u00e1 againn, beidh s\u00ed i gc\u00f3na\u00ed c\u00f3mhalartach le roinnt comhoibrithe. Ach t\u00e1 a fhios againn freisin go sil\u00edn\u00ed at\u00e1 ar fud an domhain, t\u00e1 creid\u00edche br\u00e9agach ag gach duine, in a l\u00e1mh. T\u00e1 a fhios againn go l\u00e9ir. T\u00e1 a fhios againn go l\u00e9ir. Is \u00e9 sin an fadhb, n\u00edl a fhios againn c\u00e9 h\u00e9 na br\u00e9agach. [00:24:05] Creidimid cad is creidimid mar gheall orainn f\u00e9in go bhfuil s\u00e9 f\u00edor. Ach n\u00edlimid a fhios againn nach bhfuil gach rud a chreidimid f\u00edor. Mar sin m\u00e1 t\u00e1imid chun dul ar aghaidh i dtreo swapping amach ar a laghad cuid de na creidimh br\u00e9agach agus swapping in creidimh f\u00edor, beidh orainn a bheith r\u00e9idh chun ligean do dhaoine \u00e1r gcreidimh a dh\u00fabailt. Agus baineann s\u00e9 seo n\u00ed amh\u00e1in le ruda\u00ed b\u00eddeach, tuisceana domhan, ruda\u00ed nach \u00e1bhar d\u00fainn go m\u00f3r, \u00e1it a mb\u00edonn s\u00e9 \u00e9asca a admh\u00e1il, n\u00ed amh\u00e1in go h\u00e1irithe, ach deep existentially, \u00e9asca a admh\u00e1il go bhf\u00e9adfa\u00ed go mbeadh feidhm d\u00fainn. Ach baineann s\u00e9 linn, b\u00edodh ard\u00f3im amhan \u00e9 seo, le na ceisteanna domhain, t\u00e1bhachtach, g\u00e9arch\u00e9imeacha, na ruda\u00ed a bhfuil \u00e9ileamh \u00e1ite againn go m\u00f3r. D'fh\u00e9adfadh go mbeadh \u00e1r gcothroma\u00edocht ansin freisin, na ceisteanna domhain a bhaineann le n\u00e1d\u00far an duine, maitheas an duine, d\u00fathracht an duine, cearta an duine, aois an duine. Mar sin ar\u00eds, cialla\u00edonn s\u00e9 go gcaithfimid an saoirse a bheith againn chun d\u00fashl\u00e1n a dh\u00e9anamh, agus ba ch\u00f3ir d\u00fainn a bheith r\u00e9idh chun d\u00fashl\u00e1n a thabhairt. T\u00e1 an taobh eile de shaor\u00e1nacht na virtues a theasta\u00edonn uainn chun a bheith ina n-\u00edospartaigh f\u00edrinne. M\u00e1s mian linn a bheith ina n-\u00edospartaigh f\u00edrinne, teasta\u00edmid coinn\u00edollacha. Caithfidh na coinn\u00edollacha sin a bheith marc\u00e1ilte le saoirse. [00:25:08] Ach teasta\u00edonn virtues uainn freisin. Teasta\u00edonn an virtue ar an menson \u00edon. Is \u00e9 at\u00e1 i gceist leis an gcreideamh ar \u00e1r gcoimpl\u00e9achta\u00ed go bhf\u00e9adfadh a bheith m\u00edcheart, agus d'fh\u00e9adfadh s\u00e9 a bheith m\u00edcheart, n\u00ed amh\u00e1in faoi na ruda\u00ed beaga, ach freisin faoin t\u00e1bhachtach, ar ruda\u00ed m\u00f3r. N\u00ed amh\u00e1in faoin na ruda\u00ed nach bhfuil \u00e1bhair duinn i ngach fadhb, rud nach bhfuil d\u00f3ibh tar \u00e9is dul ar an mbocht, ach n\u00ed inar \u00e9ileamh \u00e1bhair d\u00fainn i nd\u00e1ir\u00edre, sin na ruda\u00ed at\u00e1 againn i nd\u00e1ir\u00edre go domhain. Agus teasta\u00edonn an misneach at\u00e1 in ann leagadh nossas na g\u00e9archaighdeann \u00f3 r\u00e9ir a rainse ch\u00f3mhaoin sematic dhoimhne, an rud at\u00e1 ag dul chuig teacht ar amhras. Mar sin t\u00e1 dh\u00e1 thaobh anseo, coinn\u00edollacha agus virtues. Ar thaobh na coinn\u00edoll, go l\u00e1rnach, saoirse chaint. T\u00e1 s\u00e9 go l\u00e9ir, mar a d\u00fairt Mill go ceart, ag lorg na f\u00edrinne.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:25:58] Athair Francisco, teagasc t\u00fa i gcol\u00e1iste Caitliceach a buna\u00edodh go sonrach mar institi\u00faid Caitliceach. Conas a fhreagra\u00edonn t\u00fa ar seo? Conas a fhreagra\u00edonn t\u00fa ar seo? An s\u00edl\u00edonn t\u00fa gurb \u00e9 seo cuid de do mhisean mar chaiptil\u00edn, mar mh\u00fainteoir chun na scol\u00e1ir\u00ed a nochtadh don gcuid seo de dh\u00f3cha, a d\u2019fh\u00e9adfadh a bheith feicthe mar dh\u00fashl\u00e1n don traidisi\u00fan inar buna\u00edodh do chol\u00e1iste? (..)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Francisco Nahoy: [00:26:34] Braithfidh s\u00e9 ar cad a thuigeann t\u00fa faoin traidisi\u00fan. Mar shampla, is at\u00e1 go mbeadh an cleachtas i gcleachtas comhr\u00e1 Mheirice\u00e1 chomhaimseartha n\u00e1 labhairt faoi reiligi\u00fan mar chomhoiri\u00fanach le dogma. Agus ar a laghad, n\u00ed hionann \u00e9 sin leis an tuiscint Caitliceach, at\u00e1, s\u00edlim, is d\u00f3cha go bhfuil an t-\u00e1is is fearr ar a labhairt, dar le figi\u00far cos\u00fail le Anselm, a luaigh \u00e1r dtionscadal, is \u00e9 sin tionscadal an chol\u00e1iste seo, mar fh\u00edrinne-seice\u00e1il tuiscint, mar fh\u00edrinne-seice\u00e1il tuiscint. Tuigimid d\u00fainn f\u00e9in, t\u00e1imid tiom\u00e1inte ag an d\u00e1 fh\u00edrinne agus ag r\u00e9as\u00fan. Agus t\u00e1 an curaclam deartha ar bhealach a sharpen an cumas chun a aithint cad is r\u00e9as\u00fan ann agus cad is rath\u00fail mar is l\u00e9ir gurb \u00e9 an rud sin a dh\u00fanmharcann an creideamh d\u00f3ibh si\u00fad a roghna\u00edonn teacht anseo. [00:27:44] Mar sin n\u00ed dh\u00e9anaim taith\u00ed ar mo fh\u00e8in. Bh\u00e9adh s\u00e9 ionadh orm m\u00e1 thuig bhun\u00fair\u00ed an chol\u00e1iste seo mar ag carve amach sp\u00e1s cosanta do Caitlicigh chun forbairt mar Caitlicigh. Is \u00e9 sin le r\u00e1 gurb \u00e9 cosaint a thuigtear mar aonr\u00fa. (.) Mean, t\u00e1 na scol\u00e1ir\u00ed againn ag l\u00e9amh Mill agus ag pl\u00e9 Hume agus ag d\u00e9ile\u00e1il leis na ceisteanna a chuirtear ar an traidisi\u00fan intleacht\u00fail. Ar nd\u00f3igh, t\u00e1 siad ag dul freisin chuig Aifreann. T\u00e1 siad ag dul chuig comhoiri\u00fanachta\u00ed gach l\u00e1. Bhuel, n\u00ed hionann gach duine acu gach l\u00e1, ach gach l\u00e1 t\u00e1 comhoiri\u00fanachta\u00ed againn, ceart? Agus mar sin t\u00e1 said ag cleachtadh a gcreideamh Caitliceach freisin. S\u00edlim go mbeadh ionadh orthu a fh\u00e1il amach go bhfaightear \u00e9 sin mar sh\u00f3rt de ch\u00faige, muna bhfuil s\u00e9 go hioml\u00e1n neamh-chomhoiri\u00fanach ruda\u00ed deacair a gcaithfear a fhrithe\u00e1il ar bhealach go huamhnach. [00:28:51] I nd\u00e1ir\u00edre, is \u00e9 sin \u00e1r traidisi\u00fan, creideamh agus r\u00e9as\u00fan. (..)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:28:58] Go raibh maith agat. Ivo, d\u00e9anann t\u00fa cur s\u00edos sa leabhar is deireana\u00ed at\u00e1 agat ar do dhul chun cinn \u00f3 bheith mar thuairim\u00ed sh\u00f3isialta go tapa, an mbeidh, lig d\u00fainn a r\u00e1, ag sr\u00e1idbh\u00f3thar agus ag tabhairt faoi dh\u00edobh\u00e1il ar roinnt d'institi\u00faid\u00ed na hAmerice, lena n-\u00e1ir\u00edtear na cinn thuairiscigh t\u00fa f\u00e9in. Mar sin, bogann t\u00fa \u00f3na seasamh sin go bheith i do th\u00f3g\u00e1la\u00ed, go t\u00f3g\u00e1il institi\u00faid, chun d\u00e9anamh, mar a deir t\u00fa, ruda\u00ed. An bhfuil s\u00e9 f\u00f3s cos\u00fail le str\u00f3 a gcaithfidh t\u00fa a r\u00e9iteach do do chuid oibre n\u00f3 do do shaol pearsanta? Is \u00e9 sin le r\u00e1, ar\u00eds, t\u00e1imid ag labhairt faoi na beala\u00ed inar f\u00e9idir le criticeadh, d\u00fashl\u00e1n, agus f\u00f3s ag iarraidh rud \u00e9igin a th\u00f3g\u00e1il chun rud \u00e9igin a bhun\u00fa a bheith comhoiri\u00fanach n\u00f3 str\u00f3 a gcaithfear a r\u00e9iteach?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ibu Patel: [00:29:59] Is \u00e9 an ceist at\u00e1 ann an cheist suimi\u00fail mar gheall orm mar at\u00e1 m\u00e9 ar eolas anois mar chriticeoir l\u00e1idir de DEI, c\u00e9 go gceapaim \u00e9 mar trageda, a deir go gceapaim cad a d'fh\u00e9adfadh a bheith ann do DEI seachas cad a th\u00e1inig s\u00e9. Agus mar sin, i gconradh di\u00faltach, ach cuirimfeadh m\u00e9 a dh\u00e9anamh \u00e9 ar ch\u00fais \u00e9ags\u00fala n\u00e1 an rud a rinne m\u00e9 i mhoid\u00ed \u00e1irithe. Mar sin, b'fh\u00e9idir go gcuirfidh m\u00e9 in i\u00fal beag\u00e1n ar an sc\u00e9al a tharla s\u00e9 mar gheall ar do chur chuige ina bhfuil an sc\u00e9al ag tarl\u00fa. Mar sin, tagaim as, m\u00e1s maith leat, ceartas polaiti\u00fail sna 1990\u00ed nuair a bh\u00ed m\u00e9 mar Dhalta Col\u00e1iste, saghas leagan na 90\u00ed de dh\u00f3chas n\u00f3 frith-dhubhachas, m\u00e1s maith leat. Agus tosa\u00edm ag baint suilt as \u00e9ags\u00falacht reiligi\u00fanach agus obair idir-reiligi\u00fanach ar bheala\u00ed comhoiri\u00fanacha le sc\u00e9al Ravi. (.) T\u00e1im tar \u00e9is infheisti\u00fa go hiontach i Dorothy Day agus gluaiseacht oibrithe Caitliceacha. Tosa\u00edm ag breathn\u00fa ar na teangacha gn\u00edomh s\u00f3isialta ar fud traidisi\u00fain reiligi\u00fanacha, agus thosa\u00edm ag dul chuig comhoibri\u00fanachta\u00ed idir-reiligi\u00fanach. Agus t\u00e1im ag lorg na Dorothy Day nua agus Thich Nhat Han agus Malcolm X de shaol, agus t\u00e1im ag f\u00e1il teangan\u00f3ir\u00ed sinsearacha ar phain\u00e9il. [00:31:06] Agus nuair a bh\u00ed m\u00e9 22 mbliana d'aois, bh\u00ed mo ghruaige ar lasadh. Agus ag laige in aon chomhoibri\u00far aibithe ag Stanford, th\u00f3g m\u00e9 ar an t\u00f3gadh glan, chuaigh m\u00e9 i l\u00e1r seisi\u00fan plean\u00e1la. D'adhraigh m\u00e9 mo dhiaidh san aer, agus d'aoibhinn m\u00e9 an rud ar fad neamh\u00fas\u00e1ideach agus leadr\u00e1nach. Agus d\u00fairt m\u00e9, c\u00e1 bhfuil na daoine \u00f3ga? C\u00e1 bhfuil an braistint fuinnimh? C\u00e1 bhfuil an \u00e9ifeacht? C\u00e1 bhfuil an gn\u00edomh s\u00f3isialta? Agus, t\u00e1 a fhios agat, bh\u00ed roinnt aghaidh l\u00e1imhse\u00e1la. Bh\u00ed smattering de pl\u00e9ar\u00e1ca mar gheall ar go mb\u00edonn gach duine ag cur a thogra f\u00e9in go hiontach i dt\u00f3ige sin, m\u00e1s comhoibr\u00f3ir\u00ed \u00f3ga iad. (.) Ach is \u00e9 an bronntanas a bh\u00ed ann d\u00fainn go raibh an bhean seo ag teacht chugam. Is \u00e9 a hainm Yolan Trevino. Tagann s\u00ed chugam agus nuair a thosa\u00edonn daoine ag dul chuig an seisi\u00fan eile, d\u00e9anann s\u00ed an r\u00e1iteas, t\u00e1 a fhios agat, is \u00e9 sin an smaoineamh suimi\u00fail at\u00e1 agat. Eagra\u00edocht idir-reiligi\u00fanach a bheadh bunaithe ar dhaoine \u00f3ga agus gn\u00edomh s\u00f3isialta agus \u00e9ags\u00falacht reiligi\u00fanach a nglacf\u00ed go han-dh\u00edlis na teangacha gn\u00edomh s\u00f3isialta ar fud na traidisi\u00fain reiligi\u00fanacha. Ba ch\u00f3ir duit \u00e9 sin a th\u00f3g\u00e1il. Ba ch\u00f3ir duit \u00e9 sin a th\u00f3g\u00e1il. Agus bhain m\u00e9 \u00fas\u00e1id as sin mar d\u00fashl\u00e1n dom cuireadh a fh\u00e1il go s\u00edora\u00ed, c\u00e9 go raibh s\u00ed i bhf\u00edorshaol ag iarraidh uimhir a chur i gcuimhne dom. [00:32:13] Agus an ch\u00fais at\u00e1 leis sin is \u00e9 mar a d\u00fairt s\u00ed go bun\u00fasach, m\u00e1s \u00e9 do chumas duit a insint do dhaoine eile c\u00e1 mh\u00e9ad at\u00e1 a dh\u00e9anamh m\u00edcheart, t\u00e1 t\u00fa cinnte go bhfuil t\u00fa d'acmhainneacht le rath a th\u00f3g\u00e1il ar an rud a cheapann t\u00fa go bhfuil s\u00e9 ceart. Agus 30 bliain ina dhiaidh sin, t\u00e1im anseo, ar an gconradh, cad \u00e9 at\u00e1 ar f\u00e1il anois ina eagra\u00edocht idir-reiligi\u00fanach lena luach mart 22 milli\u00fan, 85 duais. (..) Agus creidim gur \u00e9 gift iontach at\u00e1 ag \u00e1r gcuid traidisi\u00fain reiligi\u00fanacha agus traidisi\u00fan Mheirice\u00e1 \u00e9 go dt\u00f3gann t\u00fa ruda\u00ed n\u00edos fearr. Is \u00e9 sin a thagra\u00edonn d\u00e1 traidisi\u00fan Tocquevillian. Is \u00e9 an traidisi\u00fan at\u00e1 ag prophta Muhammad, go mbeidh an s\u00edoch\u00e1in agus na beannachta\u00ed D\u00e9 i gcathair Meidina a t\u00f3gadh comhoibrithe poibl\u00ed a chruthaigh tuiscint ar ilr\u00e9imeas. Ach ba mhaith liom dul chuig an gconradh criticeach seo faoi l\u00e1thair, mar m\u00e1s l\u00e9ann t\u00fa cad a scr\u00edobhaim i Inside Higher Ed n\u00f3 in Chronicle of Higher Education n\u00f3 in New York Times n\u00f3 in Persuasion, feicfidh t\u00fa m\u00e9 ag pointe\u00e1il amach go leor ruda\u00ed a dh\u00e9anfadh m\u00e9 gafa faoi na samhlacha \u00e9ags\u00fala at\u00e1 ann faoi l\u00e1thair. [00:33:14] Agus is \u00e9 an c\u00fais at\u00e1 leis sin, s\u00edlim, mar d'athraigh s\u00e9 go gasta isteach i roinnt, ag gabh\u00e1il do na daoine at\u00e1 anseo le heaglais. Agus \u00e9 a dh\u00ed\u00fas\u00e1int go bhfaigheann daoine a insint sc\u00e9alta trua, seachas sc\u00e9alta gn\u00edomha\u00ed. Agus creidim, is cuid \u00e9 sin de sh\u00e1rch\u00f3id. Creidim go bhfuil s\u00e9 seo ina sh\u00e1rch\u00f3id \u00e9 a iarraidh ar dhaoine sc\u00e9alta a insint faoi gach Bean nach f\u00e9idir leo a dh\u00e9anamh ar domhan, agus ansin go l\u00e9ir ar na sc\u00e9alta ar f\u00e9idir leo a dh\u00e9anamh ar domhan, go h\u00e1irithe nuair at\u00e1 na daoine sin ar champas col\u00e1iste in \u00c9irinn, at\u00e1, b'fh\u00e9idir, an t-ard teicni\u00fail pobail is fear at\u00e1 cruthaithe riamh i stair na ndaoine is fearr is smaoinigh. Agus mar sin, t\u00e1 mo sprioc sa gn\u00edomh seo chun daoine a spreagadh i dtreo rud \u00e9igin at\u00e1 n\u00edos fearr. Ach creidim, m\u00e1s \u00e9 an comhoiri\u00fanacht at\u00e1 \u00e1 \u00fas\u00e1id agam t\u00e1 s\u00e9, n\u00ed f\u00e9idir leat linbh a chasadh ina chros\u00f3g. [00:34:17] Mar sin, m\u00e1 t\u00e1 duine agus is samhlach traidisi\u00fanta \u00e9 seo, ach t\u00e1 s\u00eds\u00e1il a chruth\u00fa. M\u00e1s rud \u00e9 go bhfuil t\u00fa ag cur \u00f3c\u00e1id \u00e9ags\u00falachta at\u00e1 ag leagan 25 bliain at\u00e1 tiomanta do chumas daoine a shoilsi\u00fa ina dtuismitheoir\u00ed agus ina dhl\u00edtheoireoir\u00ed, at\u00e1 ag cur le d\u00fashl\u00e1n na ndaoine a thabhairt le ch\u00e9ile go hioml\u00e1n, gcaithfidh t\u00fa a bheith ag iarraidh a bheith ar f\u00e1il. T\u00e1 t\u00fa ag cur br\u00e9ag le do mheabhair. T\u00e1 t\u00fa ag cur br\u00e9ag le do mheabhair. N\u00edl an l\u00edon Bo Jackson's i gcr\u00edocha an domhain sin i bhfad. Agus m\u00e1s rud \u00e9 go dtugann muid muin\u00edn don phroiect Meirice\u00e1nach, a chabharann daoine le haitheantas \u00e9ags\u00fala agus le hioml\u00e1n \u00e9ags\u00fala ag m\u00fanl\u00fa n\u00e1isi\u00fan le ch\u00e9ile agus ag ceardlann go coibhinn ar across a gcuid difr\u00edochta\u00ed. M\u00e1s f\u00e9idir linn a bheith ag obair sin, n\u00ed m\u00f3r d\u00fainn ardchaighde\u00e1n a thabhairt timpeall air agus \u00e9ileamh ar ardchaighde\u00e1n, agus cuireann s\u00e9 disicpl\u00edn\u00ed agus cleachtadh.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert George: [00:35:08] Josh, an bhf\u00e9adfadh m\u00e9 commenter a thabhairt?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ibu Patel: [00:35:11] Le do thoil, le do thoil. (..)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert George: [00:35:13] Is ea, taisp\u00e9anaim timpeall na t\u00edre ag labhairt in ollscoileanna, col\u00e1ist\u00ed agus ollscoileanna, poibl\u00ed, pr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach, neamhsheictreach, agus creidimh. Agus caithfidh m\u00e9 a r\u00e1, sa leath-deich mbliana at\u00e1 caite, le linn mo thurais timpeall na t\u00edre ag l\u00e9acht\u00f3ireacht, t\u00e1 oscailteacht n\u00edos m\u00f3 ag teacht chun cinn maidir le d\u00fashl\u00e1in a thabhairt do na tuairim\u00ed dominanta ar champas n\u00f3 do na traidisi\u00fain, oscailteacht n\u00edos m\u00f3 le d\u00fashl\u00e1in a thabhairt i measc na n-institi\u00faid\u00ed a bhfuil baint reiligi\u00fanach n\u00edos doimhne acu n\u00e1 i measc na n-institi\u00faid\u00ed le baint reiligi\u00fanach lag n\u00f3 na n-institi\u00faid\u00ed neamhsheictreacha, ar\u00eds, b\u00edodh siad poibl\u00ed n\u00f3 pr\u00edobh\u00e1ideach. Agus s\u00edlim go gcreideann s\u00e9 sin d\u00fainn rud \u00e9igin. Faighim n\u00edos m\u00f3 oscailteachta, mar shampla, in Ollscoil Brigham Young, Ollscoil Naomh Latter-day, n\u00f3 in Ollscoil Dallas, ollscoil Chaitliceach, n\u00f3 an \u00e1it a m\u00faineann Friar Francisco in Ollscoil Zaytuna, an col\u00e1iste eala\u00edon laistigh de Moslamach nua in Berkeley, California, n\u00e1 mar a gheofar in Yale n\u00f3 in Williams n\u00f3 in Ollscoil Illinois. [00:36:29] Anois, nuair a th\u00e9im chuig col\u00e1ist\u00ed le baint reiligi\u00fanach, mar gheall ar mo chuid oibre ar shaoirse cainte agus saoirse acad\u00fail, is minic a iarrtar orm, go dearfa, conas a bhaineann s\u00e9 seo linn ag Yeshiva, le gn\u00e1thlaigh Notre Dame, n\u00f3 ag Baylor, institi\u00faid Baptist, n\u00f3 ag BYU n\u00f3 ag Zaytuna? Conas a bhaineann s\u00e9 linn? Conas a bhaineann s\u00e9 linn? Agus is \u00e9 mo fhreagra ar an gceist sin n\u00e1, is ollscoil sibh. (.) N\u00ed ineacht c\u00fanta m\u00e9 sibh. (.) Tuigim go bhfuil sibh tiomanta do doctrine ar leith. Sin \u00e9 do thiomantas bunaithe ar chreideamh. (.) Ach is ollscoil sibh, rud a chialla\u00edonn go mbeadh na normanna a chaithfeadh Rialta sibh mar institi\u00faid at\u00e1 ag cuardach na f\u00edrinne in aice le ch\u00e9ile le sraitheanna a chaithfeadh Rialta i dt\u00edr neamhsheictreach. Anocht, n\u00ed chialla\u00edonn s\u00e9 go bhfuil siad cos\u00fail, ach cialla\u00edonn s\u00e9 go bhfuil siad an-d\u00f3chasach. Cialla\u00edonn s\u00e9 go m\u00e1 t\u00e1 sibh ag Notre Dame n\u00f3 ag Yeshiva n\u00f3 ag BYU n\u00f3 ag Baylor n\u00f3 ag Zaytuna, ba ch\u00f3ir d'aon duine aca a bheith ar an eolas faoi, ba ch\u00f3ir d\u00f3ibh a l\u00e9amh, ba ch\u00f3ir d\u00f3ibh ag dul i ngleic le Nietzsche n\u00f3 Hume n\u00f3 Marx n\u00f3 aon cheann de na figi\u00fair\u00ed m\u00f3r sa staircase stair a d\u00fairt na creidimh n\u00f3 a d\u2019fh\u00e1g a gcraobh Moslamach, Gi\u00fadach n\u00f3 Cr\u00edost\u00fail ag l\u00e9im. [00:37:50] N\u00ed bheadh t\u00fa ag foghlaim go cruinn do do mhic l\u00e9inn in Notre Dame n\u00f3 BYU n\u00f3 Zaytuna mura raibh siad ag teacht amach gan comhoibri\u00fa laidir le Nietzsche n\u00f3 le Marx n\u00f3 le Hume. Agus tuigeann m\u00e9 anseo nach bhfuil m\u00e9 ag leagan s\u00edos fear gaoithe agus ag titim \u00e9. Cialla\u00edonn s\u00e9 sin dul i ngleic le na harg\u00f3int\u00ed is fearr a bh\u00edonn ag na figi\u00fair\u00ed sin, na criticeoir\u00ed reiligi\u00fan, at\u00e1 le cur i l\u00e1thair. Sin \u00e9 an chiall at\u00e1 le bheith i do ollscoil, n\u00ed ag foghlaim catachism. M\u00e1 t\u00e1 sibh i do ollscoil, is \u00e9 do phost, agus n\u00ed c\u00fais dom an cine\u00e1l creidimh at\u00e1 agat, Cr\u00edostaithe, Gi\u00fadaigh, Moslamaigh, Baptistaigh, do phost n\u00e1 a chinnti\u00fa go dtugann do mhic l\u00e9inn ceangal leis na point\u00ed is fearr a cheapadh agus a d\u00faradh trasna na r\u00e9ims\u00ed de na daoine a bh\u00ed ag maireacht\u00e1il agus marbh, na hintinn is fearr at\u00e1 ag maireacht\u00e1il agus d\u00fal os cionn na ceisteanna a bhfuil consp\u00f3id gn\u00edomhach orthu. Na ceisteanna, na ceisteanna ar a bhfuil daoine r\u00e9asonacha ar chusp\u00f3ir a admha\u00edonn go bhfuil agus leanfaidh siad ar aghaidh le d\u00edluach na huireasa.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:38:50] Go hiontach. Go raibh maith agat. Go hiontach. Friar Francisco, s\u00edlim gurbh \u00e9 t\u00fa a thosaigh ar chruinni\u00fa suimi\u00fail. Ba mhaith liom \u00e9al\u00fa beag\u00e1in\u00edn. Samhla\u00edm go creideann gach duine agaibh go bhfuil iompar \u00e9igin, dearcadh \u00e9igin ann a ba ch\u00f3ir do shaor\u00e1naigh daonlathacha, b'fh\u00e9idir do dhuine ar bith, a bheith neamhchomhoiri\u00fanach. Ach t\u00e1 neamhchomhoiri\u00fanacht reiligi\u00fanach tar \u00e9is a bheith ina bagairt d\u00e1ir\u00edre ar aontacht shibhialta, \u00e1r n-\u00e1bhar. Mar sin, t\u00e1 m\u00e9 chun cuireadh a thabhairt do gach duine agaibh a roinnt laige pearsanta at\u00e1 agaibh. S\u00edlim go bhfuil taith\u00ed ag gach duine agaibh, ar bhealach \u00e9igin n\u00f3 ar bhealach eile, le neamhchomhoiri\u00fanacht agus conas a fuair s\u00e9, m\u00e1s ann, i do mh\u00fainteoireacht agus praitici\u00fala f\u00e9in. Mar sin, m\u00e1s mian le haon duine agaibh dul isteach, t\u00e9igh ar aghaidh.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Francisco Nahoy: [00:39:51] Nuair a deir t\u00fa neamhchomhoiri\u00fanacht, ba mhaith liom a bheith cinnte go dtuigim, an bhfuil t\u00fa ag iarraidh sampla\u00ed de chine\u00e1l reiligi\u00fanach dochta, n\u00f3 an bhfuil aon chine\u00e1l neamhchomhoiri\u00fanachta ar an gcl\u00e1r anseo?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:40:09] Sea, creidim go bhfuil ann ag am ar bith. Cialla\u00edonn \u00e1r n-\u00e1bhar, e, reiligi\u00fan agus aontacht shibhialta. Ach seems dom, mar at\u00e1imid ag caint faoi ruda\u00ed, go bhfuilimid ag caint faoi rannph\u00e1irt\u00edocht, ag teast\u00e1il chun daoine a chur ar an eolas agus a bheith ag smaoineamh go dtraidisi\u00fanta ar thraidisi\u00fain eile n\u00f3 ar bheala\u00ed eile smaointe, beala\u00ed eile le c\u00f3na\u00ed a gcuid saoil. (..) Agus t\u00e1 neamhchomhoiri\u00fanacht cos\u00fail leis, ar a bun, a bheith ina di\u00falt\u00fa strucht\u00fartha chun p\u00e1irt a ghlacadh ar an gcaoi sin agus a r\u00e1 go mbeidh m\u00e9 ag d\u00fashl\u00e1n a dh\u00e9anamh do rud sin mar n\u00ed f\u00e9idir liom \u00e9 a tholer\u00e1il. Anois, mar a deirim, thosaigh m\u00e9 ag r\u00e1 roinnt ruda\u00ed a ghlacaim mar a bh\u00edonn s\u00e9 dosheachanta. Ach s\u00edlim do chuid, s\u00edlim go gcomhoibri\u00faimid go l\u00e9ir go bhfuil leibh\u00e9al \u00e9igin d\u2019otharch\u00e9im do na ruda\u00ed a chuireann m\u00edchompord ar dhaoine t\u00e1bhachtach. [00:41:10] Sea. Mar sin t\u00e1 seo \u00e1 chaitheamh amach. B'fh\u00e9idir gur .<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Francisco Nahoy: [00:41:15] Bh\u00ed taith\u00ed suimi\u00fail agam. N\u00edos luaithe, bh\u00ed m\u00e9 i mBaile \u00c1tha Cliath, \u00c9ire, ag cuir\u00ed at\u00e1 ag teacht le comhdh\u00e1il acad\u00fail. Bh\u00ed an comhdh\u00e1il eagraithe ar bhonn go raibh \u00e1iseanna \u00e1 n-\u00fas\u00e1id againn ar an d\u00e1 thaobh de Liffey. Mar sin, bh\u00ed orainn go minic trasna na droichid \u00e9ags\u00fala a thrasn\u00fa chun teacht chuig \u00e1r n-\u00e1iteanna comhoibrithe. Agus ar, de na h\u00e1iteanna go l\u00e9ir, ar Droichead Beckett, stop bean os mo chomhair agus d\u00faradh s\u00ed, T\u00f3g m\u00e9 fuadach ag taispe\u00e1int creidimh poibl\u00ed. Go l\u00e9ir, toisc go bhfuil m\u00e9 ag caitheamh habit Franciscach, ar a fhios agat, agus sa chathair ag si\u00fal timpeall mar nach bhfuil aon fhadhb ann. Is \u00e9 mo thuairim l\u00e1ithreach, t\u00e1im ar an gcaoi ch\u00e9anna maidir le taispe\u00e1int phobail ar bigotry. (\u2026)<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert George: [00:42:03] Ceapaim, Athair Francisco, an mbeadh, mar shampla, moinis B\u00fadaigh i na r\u00f3ba\u00ed saffron tar \u00e9is freagairt mar sin a bheith ag an mbean seo. Tuigeann s\u00ed nach bhfuil.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Francisco Nahoy: [00:42:15] Cialla\u00edonn s\u00e9, go minic, t\u00e1 m\u00e9, ar a fhios agat, ag coinc\u00e9id le moinis B\u00fadaigh n\u00f3 uaireanta le cleirigh Orthod\u00f3xa, uaireanta le Hasidim. Sea. Go minic, mar chuid de na hocht mbliana agus leath a chaitheamh ag Col\u00e1iste Zetuna le, ar a fhios agat, duine ag caitheamh kufi, mar shampla. Mar sin, t\u00e1 tuiscint ann go bhfeicfidh daoine mar sin m\u00e9 ag teacht d\u00edreach chugam, ag seasamh ansin liom, mar m\u00e1s d\u00f3cha a r\u00e1, seo \u00e9. An iontas sin? Mar sin, t\u00e1im ag d\u00fashl\u00e1n nach bhfuil na creidimh c\u00e9anna ar an gcine\u00e1l seo teilge granith.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:43:07] Anois, ar nd\u00f3igh, t\u00e1im i mo chuid smaointe go dt\u00e9ann na creidimh tr\u00ed dh\u00falagar \u00f3 na daoine a bhfuil frith-chreidmheachta go seasta. Mar sin, n\u00ed g\u00e1 go dtos\u00f3idh s\u00e9 ar aon taobha amh\u00e1in.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert George: [00:43:23] Bhuel, is n\u00e1d \u00e9 an n\u00e1d\u00far duitse, is \u00e9 an temptation a bheith dogmatic agus ideologically agus bullheaded agus mean, a dh\u00e9anann trasn\u00e1n na l\u00ednte reiligi\u00fanda, trasn\u00e1n na l\u00ednte etnice, trasn\u00e1n na l\u00ednte ideolacha. (.) Ach b'fh\u00e9idir, Josh, d'fh\u00e9adfaimis t\u00fas a chur le h\u00f3r\u00e1id beag faoi na ruda\u00ed nach m\u00f3r d\u00fainn a bheith intolerant acu mar gheall ar an bhfuil siad i nd\u00e1ir\u00edre intolerable. Ba mhaith liom an liosta sin a thos\u00fa sa saol ollscoile le mion-\u00edde. N\u00ed f\u00e9idir linn glacadh leis sin. N\u00ed f\u00e9idir linn glacadh leis sin i measc \u00e1r ndalta\u00ed. N\u00ed f\u00e9idir linn glacadh leis sin len\u00e1r bhfoghlaimeoir\u00ed. N\u00ed m\u00f3r d\u00fainn a bheith comhoiri\u00fanach le misin at\u00e1 ag cuardach na f\u00edrinne, leis an ngairm at\u00e1 ag an institi\u00faid, len\u00e1r ngairmi\u00fala f\u00e9in mar. Mar scol\u00e1ir\u00ed agus, ar nd\u00f3igh, an rud c\u00e9anna nuair a thagann s\u00e9 chun ruda\u00ed cos\u00fail le incitement to violence, ciapadh, agus calumny. (.) T\u00e1 roinnt catag\u00f3ireachta cainte ann ar nach bhfuil gn\u00e1thn\u00e1isi\u00fanta mar a thugaimid orthu a, a thuigeann fi\u00fa abhc\u00f3ide s\u00f3rt\u00ed cainte saor, at\u00e1 cos\u00fail liomsa, is \u00e9 sin, is iad sin nach bhfuil na cainteanna cosanta a thugtar faoi Ch\u00e9ad Leas. [00:44:24] N\u00ed h\u00e9 sin na catag\u00f3ire cainte at\u00e1 cosanta. Caithfimid a bheith intolerant faoi na ruda\u00ed sin. S\u00edlim freisin go bhfuil g\u00e1 againn a bheith intolerant faoi dh\u00f3chas na n-intinn. Cialla\u00edonn m\u00e9, m\u00e1s rud \u00e9 nach bhfuil t\u00fa oscailte d'\u00e9isteacht le d\u00fashl\u00e1in, ansin n\u00edl t\u00fa in \u00e1it ag Princeton n\u00f3 Stanford n\u00f3 Ollscoil Illinois n\u00f3 Col\u00e1iste Gettysburg n\u00f3 cib\u00e9 h\u00e1it a bhfaighidh s\u00e9, m\u00e1s at\u00e1 an institi\u00faid tiomanta go f\u00edrinneach do chuardach na f\u00edrinne. T\u00e1 a fhios agat, m\u00e1s rud \u00e9 nach bhfuil t\u00fa toilteanach aitheantas a thabhairt do do laige f\u00e9in go bhf\u00e9adfadh t\u00fa a bheith m\u00edcheart faoi ruda\u00ed, ansin n\u00ed bheidh t\u00fa \u00e9ir\u00ed as an \u00e1it sin agus nach gconferfaidh t\u00fa aon tairbhe ar an \u00e1it. Mar sin d\u00e9anaim l\u00edne int\u00edreach go docht os cionn na ruda\u00ed sin. Ach s\u00edlim go bhfuil g\u00e1 againn a bheith foighneach laistigh de na focail at\u00e1 leagtha s\u00edos ag Ollscoil Chicago, a ghlacamar anois ag Princeton, beidh g\u00e1 d\u00fainn a bheith toilteanach smaoinimh ar aon smaoineamh, b'fh\u00e9idir smaoineamh an-dona, b'fh\u00e9idir smaoineamh a bh\u00ed lochtach. [00:45:24] Ach, t\u00e1 a fhios agat, m\u00e1s \u00e9 duine \u00e9igin a bhfuil toilteanas aige an smaoineamh sin a chosaint ag an gcine\u00e1l ceart de ghr\u00e1duim, ag baint \u00fas\u00e1ide as c\u00faiseanna, arg\u00f3int, fianaise, ansin t\u00e1 s\u00e9 d'ainneoin d\u00fainn. Is \u00e9 n\u00e1ire a chur ar f\u00e1il do shol\u00e1thar, mar chuardaitheoir\u00ed f\u00edrinne, m\u00e9 a bheith toilteanach \u00e9 a ghabh\u00e1il. D'fh\u00e9adfadh s\u00e9 a bheith go bhfaighimid ar dt\u00fas agus gurb \u00e9 at\u00e1 na freagair\u00ed neamhghn\u00e1ch, smaoineamh lochtach, smaoineamh olc. Ach m\u00e1s amhlaidh, ba ch\u00f3ir d\u00fainn a bheith in ann a thabhairt faoi deara cad at\u00e1 m\u00edcheart leis. T\u00e1 a fhios agat, n\u00ed m\u00f3r d\u00fainn gan \u00e9 a chur ar ceal. Ba ch\u00f3ir d\u00fainn a bheith in acmhainn d'aithint agus a chur in i\u00fal cad at\u00e1 m\u00edcheart leis. Mar sin, ba mhaith liom gach rud a bheith ar an mbord do mo, bhris t\u00fa f\u00e9in ar an leabhar nua, t\u00e1 Cornel West agus m\u00e9 ag a bheith i mbaile le ch\u00e9ile. Tosa\u00edonn Cornel i gc\u00f3na\u00ed \u00e1r seimine\u00e1ir le ch\u00e9ile tr\u00ed th\u00fas a chur leis na mic l\u00e9inn go bhfuil an pr\u00edomhchusp\u00f3ir at\u00e1 le bheith ag an gc\u00farsa seo n\u00e1 t\u00fa a chur ar an gcur chuige no matter c\u00e9n \u00e1it a bhfuil t\u00fa, cib\u00e9 an bhfuil t\u00fa ar an taobh cl\u00e9 n\u00f3 ar an taobh deise, cib\u00e9 an bhfuil t\u00fa reiligi\u00fanach, cib\u00e9 an bhfuil t\u00fa secular, cib\u00e9 in \u00e1it a theastaigh uait. M\u00e1s rud \u00e9 nach bhfuilimid ag cur ar an mbonn sin, n\u00edl muid ag d\u00e9anamh \u00e1r gcuideachta mar mh\u00fainteoir\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:46:24] Ivo, t\u00e1 do th\u00edr interfaith na hAm\u00e9rique i nd\u00e1ir\u00edre faoi phluralachas. Agus f\u00f3s, t\u00e1 neamhoird mar is d\u00f3cha go bhfuil s\u00e9 i mbaol don phluralachas. An bhfuil t\u00fa ag roinnt taith\u00ed n\u00f3 smaointe n\u00edos m\u00f3 faoi seo?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ibu Patel: [00:46:40] Bhuel, t\u00e1 a fhios agat, bh\u00ed m\u00e9 ainmni\u00fachta laistigh, d'ardaigh m\u00e9 leis an ainm Eboo i mbruachbhaile an Iarthair i gCincinnati, sna 1980id\u00ed. Mar sin bh\u00ed m\u00e9 ann, ach ba mhaith liom sc\u00e9al a insint faoi chara Gi\u00fadaigh at\u00e1 agam a chonaic mo bhun\u00fa ar an eagra\u00edocht seo agus freisin go bhfuil s\u00e9 ina aoibhinn c\u00e1s de mh\u00e9id t\u00e1bhachtach ar fad de na tradisi\u00fain reiligi\u00fanacha. Mar sin, nuair a bh\u00ed m\u00e9 sa mhe\u00e1nscoil, bh\u00ed gr\u00fapa cairde agam a chuimsigh Hind\u00fa \u00f3 Deisceart na hIndia, evangileach \u00f3 na Nig\u00e9ara, Gi\u00fadach c\u00fab\u00f3n, agus Morm\u00f3n. Agus ar ais i dt\u00fas na 1990id\u00ed, bheadh s\u00e9 seo, b'fh\u00e9idir, an eisceacht. Agus faoi l\u00e1thair, is \u00e9 an riail inniu \u00e9. T\u00e1 s\u00e9 i go leor \u00e1iteanna anois go bhfuil \u00e9ags\u00falacht cairde ag daoine \u00f3 th\u00edreola\u00edocht agus \u00f3 bhun\u00fas reiligi\u00fanach. Agus s\u00edlim go bhfuil s\u00e9 sin iontach. Agus thar ch\u00farsa c\u00fapla seachtaine i mo tr\u00ed\u00fa bliain sa mhe\u00e1nscoil, thosaigh gr\u00fapa na mbr\u00f3nna i mo scoil ag dul i ngleic le mo chara Gi\u00fadaigh. Agus d\u00faradh laethanta really gr\u00e1nna anti-Semite chuige i na h\u00f3lph\u00e1irn\u00e9acha agus scr\u00edobhadh ruda\u00ed gr\u00e1nna ar dhonn. Agus chonaic m\u00e9 seo ag tarl\u00fa agus n\u00ed dhearna m\u00e9 aon rud. [00:47:43] Agus, t\u00e1 a fhios agat, d'\u00e9irigh mo chara mar a th\u00e1inig \u00f3 na sc\u00e1thanna. Chonaic m\u00e9 sin ag tarl\u00fa. Agus, e again, n\u00ed dhearna m\u00e9 aon rud. Dh\u00e1 bhliain ina dhiaidh sin, bh\u00edomar ar fad ar ais \u00f3 chol\u00e1iste agus bh\u00edomar ag cro\u00ed ar feadh o\u00edche amh\u00e1in. Agus thug s\u00e9 seo suas dom agus d\u00fairt s\u00e9, t\u00e1 a fhios agat, ba iad na seachtaine ba mheasa sin, s\u00e9 n\u00f3 ocht, de mo shaol. Agus chonaic m\u00e9 t\u00fa ag breathn\u00fa orm ag fulaingt agus n\u00ed dhearna t\u00fa aon rud. C\u00e9n f\u00e1th ar neamhn\u00ed t\u00fa? Agus ba \u00e9 Breith a cheap m\u00e9, mar bh\u00ed s\u00e9 sin go m\u00f3r ar mo ghn\u00edomh, toisc gurb \u00e9 mo thaith\u00ed \u00e9, bh\u00ed m\u00e9 ar an eolas, bh\u00ed m\u00e9 ag d\u00e9anamh neamhn\u00ed. Chuir m\u00e9 in i\u00fal \u00e9 le mo dhaid an o\u00edche sin agus bh\u00ed mo dhaid an-chro\u00ed. Agus d\u00fairt s\u00e9 rud \u00e9igin a chuaigh i bhfeidhm go domhain orm, d\u00fairt s\u00e9 go raibh t\u00fa teipthe maidir le do chara agus go raibh t\u00fa teipthe maidir le do chreideamh. Cad a thaitn\u00edonn leis gur rud \u00e9 n\u00e1 t\u00e1 mo dhaid nach bhfuil Muslamach rialta ar chor ar bith, ach t\u00e1 s\u00e9 t\u00e1bhachtach faoi na luachanna at\u00e1 ag an traidisi\u00fan. Agus d\u00f3, cialla\u00edonn na luachanna go bhfuil cuid de na ruda\u00ed at\u00e1 glaoch ar na Muslamach mar go gc\u00f3ir a sheasamh suas do dhaoine reiligi\u00fanacha eile nuair a bh\u00edonn siad ag fulaingt. [00:48:46] Agus ainmn\u00edodh s\u00e9 sc\u00e9al an Propheid Muhammad ag seasamh suas nuair a chuaigh an t\u00f3ra\u00edocht Gi\u00fadach thart, agus d'inis s\u00e9 an sc\u00e9al faoin Propheid ag arg\u00f3int le Cr\u00edostaithe na Nudron faoi theola\u00edocht agus faoin ainm, faoin n\u00e1d\u00far at\u00e1 le Jesus. Agus nuair a d\u00faradh le daoine na Cr\u00edostaithe na Nudron gurbh \u00e9igean d\u00f3ibh a th\u00e1inig chun na hoidhreacht, d'\u00e9iligh siad a dh\u00f3thain deireadh a thabhairt d\u00f3ibh d'\u00e1it agus d'\u00f3ibrithe de ph\u00f3sta, agus iontr\u00f3ir a thabhairt faoi aird. D'invitigh s\u00e9 iad chun paidr\u00edn a dh\u00e9anamh sa masjid a t\u00f3gadh aige i Medina. Agus mar sin, nuair a bh\u00ed m\u00e9 17 agus tharla s\u00e9 seo dom, th\u00e1inig m\u00e9, t\u00e1 m\u00e9, 17 nuair a theip ar mo chara 19 nuair a d\u00fairt s\u00e9 dom, chuaigh m\u00e9 ag smaoineamh ar s\u00e9 mar thimpiste a ch\u00e9ile. Ach mar a thagann m\u00e9 go m\u00f3r san \u00e1bhar, c\u00e1 gcuir\u00edonn \u00e1r reiligi\u00fan ar \u00e1r nd\u00f3thain mar a dh\u00e9anann s\u00e9 ar dhaoine eile. Thosaigh m\u00e9 ag glaoch ar seo mar theola\u00edocht comhoibrithe reiligi\u00fan. [00:49:48] Agus i ngach reiligi\u00fan, t\u00e1 leagan de na Coimisin Mh\u00f3r ann. T\u00e1 s\u00e9 ina reiligi\u00fan, t\u00e1 s\u00e9 n\u00edos soil\u00e9ir n\u00e1 daoine eile. Agus sa Chr\u00edosta\u00edocht agus san Ioslam, t\u00e1 an Coimisin Mh\u00f3r an-soil\u00e9ir. Converting daoine eile. Agus t\u00e1 an Chomhhoibri\u00fa M\u00f3r ann freisin, at\u00e1 ann, sa Chr\u00edosta\u00edocht mar sc\u00e9al an Samaritana, t\u00e1 t\u00fa ag cur a luachais i bhfeidhm ar a n-iompra\u00edocht, is cuma m\u00e1 t\u00e1 an creideamh difri\u00fail. Agus n\u00ed nach bhfuil s\u00e9 t\u00e1bhachtach. Thosa\u00edonn an sc\u00e9al cu\u00ed leis an gceist, conas a shroicheann m\u00e9 an saol s\u00edora\u00ed? Agus t\u00e1 an chuid sin, an smaoineamh s\u00e1s\u00fail seo, conas a nearta\u00edmid eolas ar \u00e1r teola\u00edocht comhoibrithe reiligi\u00fan agus \u00e9 a chleachtadh ar fud an domhain. S\u00edlim go bhfuil s\u00e9 sin an-\u00fas\u00e1ideach. Mar sin tabharfaidh m\u00e9 m\u00fanla simpl\u00ed duit de, go minic d\u00e9anaim ma\u00edomh, m\u00e1s rud \u00e9, m\u00e1s c\u00e9im\u00ed t\u00fa \u00f3 scoil eitl\u00edochta, n\u00ed m\u00f3r duit a bheith \u00e1balta eitilt. N\u00ed m\u00f3r duit a bheith \u00e1balta eitilt. Mar sin, cad \u00e9 an leagan at\u00e1 againn ar sin sna daonnachta\u00ed n\u00f3 sna heola\u00edochta\u00ed s\u00f3isialta? M\u00e1s c\u00e9im\u00ed t\u00fa, m\u00e1s m\u00e1 t\u00e1 t\u00fa tagtha tr\u00edd an gcathaoir eola\u00edochta comhoibr\u00edochta reiligi\u00fan America n\u00f3 mura bhfuil t\u00fa c\u00e1ilithe \u00f3n preas, cad ba ch\u00f3ir don phobal a bheith in ann muin\u00edn a chur ionat? [00:50:54] Mar sin, seo rud, seo bealach amh\u00e1in le smaoineamh air, is \u00e9 sin, m\u00e1 t\u00e1 tubaiste i do chathair agus t\u00e1 na heagra\u00edochta\u00ed reiligi\u00fanacha \u00e9ags\u00falachta tagtha in \u00e9ineacht leis chun cabhr\u00fa leis an tubaiste sin, at\u00e1 ar si\u00fal gach \u00e1it, t\u00e1 s\u00e9 sin deas, D\u00e9 go bpr\u00f3n. T\u00e1 muid i dt\u00edr iontach i m\u00e9id. Agus anseo t\u00e1 seirbh\u00eds\u00ed cabhrach tubaiste Morm\u00f3n agus seirbh\u00eds\u00ed cabhrach tubaiste na nGael agus Gi\u00fadach agus Caitliceach, agus na ruda\u00ed a bhaineann. An mbeidh do chaighde\u00e1n a bheith eolach go leor ar na traidisi\u00fain \u00e9ags\u00fala chun labhairt faoi na ruda\u00ed go tabhachtach? An mbeidh a fhios acu go leor faoi sh\u00f3isialachas a bpobail chun seirbh\u00eds\u00ed cabhrach tubaiste a chomhord\u00fa go h\u00e9ifeachtach? (..) Sin an cine\u00e1l, a fhios ag David Brooks is maith an l\u00edne maidir le cad ba ch\u00f3ir go mbeadh c\u00e9im\u00ed oideachais elite in ann a dh\u00e9anamh, is \u00e9 sin a bheith inghlactha ag damhsa agus bun\u00fasach i tubaiste. Sin tubaiste. Sin tubaiste. Agus taispe\u00e1nann pobail reiligi\u00fanacha \u00e9ags\u00falachta in tubaiste. An f\u00e9idir len\u00e1r gc\u00e9imithe iad a chomhord\u00fa go h\u00e9ifeachtach ar mhaithe leis an gcinneadh comhoibrithe?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:52:00] Go maith. T\u00e1im chun c\u00fapla ceist a ghlacadh. N\u00edl ach c\u00fapla n\u00f3im\u00e9ad againn f\u00e1gtha. Iarrann Roberta Katz, i gcomhth\u00e9acs comhoibrithe creidimh, conas a dh\u00e9antar droichead ar id\u00e9-eola\u00edochta\u00ed reiligi\u00fanacha a dh\u00e9anann dochar, fi\u00fa a chionta\u00edonn go ifreann, daoine nach bhfuil ag creideamh na reiligi\u00fan c\u00e9anna n\u00f3 nach gcreideann? Agus s\u00edlim, a Fhr\u00e9ire Francisco, go dtug t\u00fa le fios go gcuirfe\u00e1 an cheist ar aghaidh.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Francisco Nahoy: [00:52:26] N\u00f3 n\u00f3 ar a laghad chun leibh\u00e9al freagartha a thos\u00fa, bheadh iontas orm m\u00e1 t\u00e1 ruda\u00ed le r\u00e1 ag daoine eile freisin. Ar dt\u00fas, ar a laghad i dtraidisi\u00fan Cr\u00edosta\u00ed, n\u00ed h\u00e9 an t\u00e9 at\u00e1 ag arg\u00f3int a choinn\u00edonn daoine eile go ifreann. M\u00e1 t\u00e1 aon chiont\u00fa ann, is rud ionadh \u00e9, i nd\u00e1ir\u00edre. (.) N\u00ed \u00e9 God f\u00e9in a choinn\u00edonn. Ar deireadh, roghna\u00edtear ifreann ag daoine a thugann tosa\u00edocht d\u00f3 i gcompar\u00e1id leis an fh\u00edrinne phianmhar at\u00e1 i gC\u00e9in. Mar sin, m\u00e1s f\u00e9idir liom rud \u00e9igin a aistri\u00fa a d\u00fairt an Dr. George d\u00edreach faoi, mar gheall ar an rud a bhaineann le freagracht ghr\u00edomhach, t\u00e1 cine\u00e1l n\u00edos doimhne at\u00e1 ag bagairt ar gach duine, is \u00e9 sin an toradh i bhfeice\u00e1il ar an fh\u00edrinne faoi f\u00e9in, ceart? (..) [00:53:35] N\u00ed h\u00e9 seo ach an paraim\u00e9adar Delphic. Is \u00e9 seo an rud a bh\u00ed eatarthu, mar shampla, Simon Peter agus comhoiri\u00fanacht a id\u00e9alach ard, a Dhorcha, bheimid ag mar\u00fa dom, ar mhaith leis an Tiarna \u00cdosa freagra a thabhairt, t\u00fa? Bheimid ag mar\u00fa dom? Deirim leat, an l\u00e1 inniu, an o\u00edche seo, d\u00e9anfaidh t\u00fa gn\u00edomhartha freagair tr\u00ed huaire. (.) N\u00ed h\u00e9 mac\u00e1ntacht Peter a bhfuil amhras ag aon duine faoi. Is \u00e9 a eolas f\u00e9in. (..) Mar sin, is \u00e9 an choincheap gur ch\u00f3ir don chreideamh, ipso facto, is \u00e9 sin a r\u00e1 go bhfuil s\u00ed ina seasamh go luath n\u00f3 go d\u00e9anach ar chiont\u00fa dogma na ndaoine eile, s\u00edlim go bhfuil s\u00e9 seo m\u00edcheart. (..) M\u00e1s f\u00e9achaimid go c\u00faramach, mar shampla, ar an gCoimisi\u00fan M\u00f3r ar a dtugann an Dr. Patel tagairt, m\u00e1s \u00e9 seo an ch\u00e9ad rud, t\u00e1 s\u00e9 tuiscint an ghr\u00e1, b'fhearr d\u00fainn go dtabharfadh daoine eile faoi. (.) [00:54:48] Ba ch\u00f3ir d\u00fainn gr\u00e1 a thabhairt d\u00e1 ch\u00e9ile mar a ghr\u00edosaigh an Tiarna a ghr\u00e1 don f\u00e9in, agus t\u00e1 s\u00e9 sin ina \u00e1ireamh i gcomhoiri\u00fanacht len\u00e1r gcomharsan mar a bhfuilimid f\u00e9in freisin. Mar sin, ba mhaith liom a r\u00e1 go m\u00e1 bh\u00edmid ag freastal ar an gcine\u00e1l seo, m.sh., neamhthuiscint reiligi\u00fanach n\u00f3 gn\u00e1th\u00f3ireacht daoine eile, n\u00ed m\u00f3r d\u00fainn f\u00e9achaint go c\u00faramach ar an traidisi\u00fan ioml\u00e1n. Mar is d\u00f3cha go mbeadh iontas orm m\u00e1 bh\u00edmid ag freastal ar thraidisi\u00fan reiligi\u00fanach nach bhfuil a chearta ceartaithe cheana f\u00e9in don chine\u00e1l sin de ghn\u00edomh den \u00e1bhar a thugann Roberta Katz f\u00f3gra orainn. I mo thaith\u00ed, n\u00ed hamh\u00e1in go bhfuil an Caitliceachas, ach t\u00e1 an Gi\u00fadachas agus an Ioslam l\u00edonta le sampla\u00ed a chuirfeadh d\u00fashl\u00e1n ar an miondeal\u00fa daoine eile mar gheall ar a gcreidimh reiligi\u00fanacha. (.) [00:55:49] Agus is \u00e9 an sampla a thugann an Dr. Patel den Samarit\u00e1n Deas at\u00e1 i d'intinn. Mar sin, mar bhealach chun tos\u00fa ag freagairt air, t\u00e1im cinnte go bhfuil comhoiri\u00fanachta\u00ed ag na p\u00e1naileoir\u00ed eile freisin.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:56:02] T\u00e1 thart ar ceithre n\u00f3im\u00e9ad, tr\u00ed n\u00f3im\u00e9ad f\u00e1gtha againn. Mar sin, rachaidh m\u00e9 chuig ceist amh\u00e1in eile agus beidh s\u00e9 deacair. T\u00e1 ceist againn a deir, t\u00e1 m\u00e9 buailte le dinimic a d'fh\u00e9adfadh a bheith mar a thugtar air politicization do-ghlactha tr\u00edna bhfoirm\u00edonn aithneachas reiligi\u00fanacha de r\u00e9ir cine\u00e1lacha de phairt\u00edn polaiti\u00fail. Conas is f\u00e9idir le pobail reiligi\u00fanacha cosaint a dh\u00e9anamh i gcoinne an treocht l\u00e1idir, scoilteadh at\u00e1 ann? Mar sin, caithfidh s\u00e9 a bheith tapa. N\u00edlimid ach, s\u00edlim, tr\u00ed n\u00f3im\u00e9ad.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Robert George: [00:56:31] T\u00e1 deilbh\u00edn maith anseo freisin. T\u00e1 deilbh\u00edn maith anseo freisin. Is ceist iontach \u00ed. T\u00e1 deilbh\u00edn maith anseo le si\u00fal mar t\u00e1 traidisi\u00fain chreidimh tr\u00e9ith shoil\u00e9ir, de ghn\u00e1th, traidisi\u00fain thr\u00e9ith. T\u00e1 rud \u00e9igin le r\u00e1 acu maidir le criticeadh s\u00f3isialta. N\u00ed raibh againn ag iarraidh go gcuirf\u00ed cosc ar Martin Luther King n\u00f3 ar an prophet Amos n\u00f3 ar aon cheann de na prophets m\u00f3ra de chuid na traidisi\u00fain chreidimh. Ach, ar nd\u00f3igh, n\u00ed theasta\u00edonn uainn go gcuirfeadh na creidimh san \u00e1ireamh i bpolait\u00edocht. Ba ch\u00f3ir don chreideamh \u00e1r dtuairim\u00ed polaiti\u00fala a fhoirmi\u00fa. N\u00edor ch\u00f3ir go mbeadh s\u00e9 ar an mbealach eile a chrutha\u00edonn tuairim\u00ed polaiti\u00fala an chreideamh. N\u00edor ch\u00f3ir duit creideamh a roghn\u00fa toisc go gcomhl\u00edonann s\u00e9 le do dtuairim\u00ed polaiti\u00fala. Is cos\u00fail go bhfuil s\u00e9 sin ag cur na ruda\u00ed ar ais ar an gceart. Mar sin, m\u00e1 bh\u00edonn muid ag criticeadh an politicization a bhaineann le reiligi\u00fan, agus t\u00e1 go leor bun\u00fas le criticeadh sin inniu, d\u00e9anaimis \u00e9 go c\u00faramach agus le f\u00e9in-criticeadh ionas nach mbeidh muid ag tabhairt breithi\u00fanas ar na figi\u00fair\u00ed a mbraitear le tuiscint na prophecy a bhaineann leis an sp\u00e1s poibl\u00ed, c\u00e9 go bhfuil siad ag caint faoi ruda\u00ed polaiti\u00fala mar Martin Luther King.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ibu Patel: [00:57:39] Ceapaim go bhfuil an gint\u00e9\u00f3is at\u00e1 i bhfolach i saol na h\u00c1merice n\u00e1 \u00e1r n-institi\u00faid\u00ed s\u00f3isialta. Agus seo a bhfuil i gceist agam leis, is iad na h-institi\u00faid\u00ed agus na sp\u00e1sanna. Beidh m\u00e9 cruinn ina shainmh\u00edni\u00fa anseo mar a bheidh acadamh, a thugann daoine le ch\u00e9ile, daoine le haitheantas \u00e9ags\u00fail agus ideol\u00f3ga iompra\u00edochta \u00e9ags\u00fala i ngn\u00edomha\u00edochta\u00ed conkr\u00e9ite nach bhfuil consp\u00f3idach a threora\u00edonn caidrimh chomhoibritheacha. Mar sin, tabharfaidh m\u00e9 sampla an-soil\u00e9ir duit. Bh\u00ed fear ar fhoireann Little League mo mhic roinnt blianta \u00f3 shin, a bh\u00ed ar eolas go raibh s\u00e9 an-chiontach do na Palaist\u00edneach, agus fear eile ar eolas go raibh s\u00e9 an-chiontach do na hIosraeiligh, a bh\u00ed mar chigir\u00ed c\u00fanta ar an fhoireann. Agus sh\u00edl m\u00e9, an phl\u00e9ascfaidh s\u00e9 an caidreamh baseball i l\u00e1r na t\u00edre? Agus n\u00edor phl\u00e9asc s\u00e9, toisc go raibh na p\u00e1ist\u00ed ag tagairt d\u00f3ibh mar chigir\u00ed bun agus chigir\u00ed tr\u00ed, n\u00ed mar dhaid\u00ed pro-Palaist\u00edneach agus dhaid\u00ed pro-Iosrael. Agus is \u00e9 \u00e1r n-institi\u00faid\u00ed reiligi\u00fanacha. Is iad na h-institi\u00faid\u00ed a buna\u00edodh ag reiligi\u00fan faoi leith a th\u00f3gann saol s\u00f3isialta san Ameerice. [00:58:42] Is sampla iontach \u00e9 ollscoileanna Caitlicigh. Is sampla iontach \u00e9 eagra\u00edochta\u00ed ais\u00edoc do refugees na nGi\u00fadach. Eagra\u00edochta\u00ed seirbh\u00edse s\u00f3isialta Moslamaigh. T\u00e1 pobal faoi leith tar \u00e9is institi\u00faid\u00ed s\u00f3isialta a th\u00f3g\u00e1il a chuireann seirbh\u00eds ar f\u00e1il do gach duine tr\u00edna thabhairt le ch\u00e9ile i ngn\u00edomha\u00edochta\u00ed conkr\u00e9ite, nach bhfuil consp\u00f3ideach. A threora\u00edonn caidrimh chomhoibritheacha. Sin \u00e9 an gint\u00e9\u00f3is at\u00e1 i bhfolach i saol na h\u00c1merice. Sin \u00e9 an fh\u00edric is suntasa\u00ed. Agus is \u00e9 an rud is l\u00fa a luaitear faoi. Agus is \u00e9 an cheist, conas a nearta\u00edmid \u00e9 go dt\u00ed an gl\u00fain seo chugainn?<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Josiah Ober: [00:59:15] Bhuel, t\u00e1imid ag teacht chun cr\u00edche le \u00e1r n-am. Go raibh maith agat gach duine, Robert George, Ibu Patel, Friar Francisco Nahoye. Ar\u00eds, chuig an lucht f\u00e9achana, le do thoil, smaoinigh ar a bheith p\u00e1irteach in\u00e1r Conradh do Ch\u00f3rais sa Acadamh m\u00e1s rud \u00e9 nach bhfuil t\u00fa ann cheana. Agus tiocfaidh an comhr\u00e1 seo suas ar \u00e1r gcan\u00e1l YouTube laistigh de thart ar tr\u00ed n\u00f3 ceithre l\u00e1. A dhaoine, go raibh maith agaibh ar\u00eds. Comhr\u00e1 f\u00edor-thiomanta. Ba mhaith liom go mbeadh tr\u00ed uair an chloig eile againn chun \u00e9 a lean\u00faint.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Josiah Ober: [00:00:00] F\u00e1ilte go Civics in the Academy. T\u00e1 s\u00e9 seo urraithe ag an gConradh don Chivic in the Academy. Is \u00e9 Josiah Ober m\u00e9. T\u00e1 m\u00e9 ar choiste feidhmi\u00fach\u00e1in na Conradh, agus i mo ch\u00faram saor, m\u00fainim ag Ollscoil Stanford. Thosaigh an Conradh n\u00edos m\u00f3 n\u00e1 bliain \u00f3 shin mar phobal cleachtais do&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[580],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cultur-oideachas"],"taxonomy_info":{"category":[{"value":580,"label":"Cult\u00far &amp; Oideachas"}]},"featured_image_src_large":false,"author_info":{"display_name":"BoltAdmin","author_link":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/ga\/author\/boltadmin\/"},"comment_info":"","category_info":[{"term_id":580,"name":"Cult\u00far &amp; Oideachas","slug":"cultur-oideachas","term_group":0,"term_taxonomy_id":580,"taxonomy":"category","description":"teanga, stair, oideachas, litearthacht na me\u00e1n, malart\u00fa cult\u00fartha, ollscoileanna, tionscnaimh, feals\u00fanacht phoibl\u00ed, aitheantais, agus saoirse.","parent":0,"count":1,"filter":"raw","cat_ID":580,"category_count":1,"category_description":"teanga, stair, oideachas, litearthacht na me\u00e1n, malart\u00fa cult\u00fartha, ollscoileanna, tionscnaimh, feals\u00fanacht phoibl\u00ed, aitheantais, agus saoirse.","cat_name":"Cult\u00far &amp; Oideachas","category_nicename":"cultur-oideachas","category_parent":0}],"tag_info":false,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3164"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3164\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bolteuropa.com\/ga\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}